Sample Psychological Report free essay sample

She lives in an isolated rural location, has to travel some ten miles to work, and there is no public transport for her to use. Consequently, she has no option but to drive and experiences severe and disabling anxiety when she does so. The intensity of her reaction tends to fluctuate depending on her experiences on the day. Sometimes she is able to make the journey in one go but more often than not she will have to stop and compose herself, for example if someone is driving too close behind her, suddenly pulls into her pathway, or if there are lorries in close proximity. She is unable to drive in the dark or if the weather conditions are poor. Her employers have been sympathetic toward her difficulties and have provided her with a computer at home with e-mail, so if she is unable to drive she can continue to work from home. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Psychological Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other than avoiding driving in the dark, she also avoids driving on motorways. She will avoid any non-essential journey and will not even go out shopping, now buying goods over the Internet. She acknowledged that short local journeys are not too distressing although she endeavours to limit the time that she spends in the car. As a result of her driving anxiety her social life has been considerably curtailed. Whereas she used to drive to see friends, she now no longer does so. She generally prefers to remain at home and whilst she will occasionally go out to town if necessary, she will avoid doing so if at all possible. She is exceedingly wary of other vehicles on the road, particularly those travelling behind her. She feels that she is constantly looking in her mirror and as a result is aware that she is driving unsafely. She is also very anxious as a passenger, reflecting that at times she will scream out, and on one occasion even tried to get out of the car. She will make the driver, usually her husband, pull over at times given the extent of her distress. She does not feel in control and feels that the driver tends to go too fast for her. If they do have to go anywhere socially then she prefers to travel by train. She feels very despondent about the extent of her anxiety as she is aware how limited her life has become as a result. For example, she and her husband no longer go for days out in the ca for pleasure and neither does she go on shopping trips in town which she used to enjoy. She has endeavoured to seek help for her difficulties. She underwent a course of driving lessons but was told that there was nothing wrong with her driving and that it was in her head. She was referred by her doctor to a counsellor but did not find this of any help in managing her anxieties. Mrs Jones did not describe dwelling on the accident and neither did she note spontaneous intrusive imagery of such. However, she is reminded of the accident whilst travelling in a car and is always conscious of vehicles travelling behind. The main psychological impact of the accident would appear to be her shattered belief in her sense of safety whilst travelling in a car and that there is nothing she can do to protect herself. This is in marked contrast to her former confidence driving, where she was able to undertake long distances in the car and had even driven on her own to Scotland and abroad. Whilst she did not describe having recurrent dreams of the accident she did describe anxiety type dreams in relation to the driving situation where she will be trying to drive from the back seat of the car and unable to reach the pedals. In general her sleep has not been markedly affected by the accident. However, she will wake up worrying in the middle of the night if she has a particular journey to undertake the following day. She did not describe being anxious in other situations other than in relation to car travel. However, even news of accidents on the television will cause her to worry and feel anxious, as she fears that she will be involved in a similar incident. There was no indication of symptoms of emotional numbing. She reflected that â€Å"life goes on† and is generally happy whilst at home. She did not describe any loss of interest in her previous hobbies of knitting and sewing, but does feel frustrated that her social life has been affected on account of her driving anxiety. Her relationship with her partner has not been effected as she remains close and loving toward him and, indeed, he would appear to be very patient and sympathetic over her difficulties. She is not generally more irritable, although does get uptight in the car and rows can sometimes ensue. She did not describe any significant concentration difficulties reflecting that she has been able to cope with her work. However, she does worry that, whilst her employers have been sympathetic in the past, they would appear to be increasingly frustration about her situation in respect to her driving anxiety and avoidance. There is no sense of a foreshortened future. 2 of 5 5/21/13 5:54 PM Sample Psychological Report http://www. psychologyservice. co. uk/report1. htm Her husband, who attended part of the interview, noted a number of changes in Mrs Jones. These included: 1. The main change has been in respect to driving and car travel and whereas she used to enjoy going out at weekends, they no longer do so. . They no longer have the same social life as they used to and holidays have been curtailed as these usually involve driving. 3. If scenes of accidents occur on the television, then he has to change channels straight away. 4. It is difficult to accompany her in the car now given the extent of her anxiety. 5. She is more cautious when she is driving herself. 6. As a passenger, she insists that he pul ls over if anything comes up from behind. 7. Her sleep is disturbed prior to any notable journeys. (2. 2) PREVIOUS PERSONAL HISTORY Mrs Jones was born in South Yorkshire and grew up in Lincoln. She has one sister. She has good memories of her childhood although her mother suffered from poor health and died when she was in her twenties. She has remained close to her father whom she continues to visit on a regular basis. He is now retired and in his eighties. Mrs Jones enjoyed school and left at the age of sixteen after her GCSE examinations. She went on to study business and administration at college and has worked with the same company since then in administration. She is happy in her job and did not describe any other concurrent stressors. She has been married since 1995 and she and her husband generally have a good relationship together. They do not have any children. (2. 3) PREVIOUS MEDICAL HISTORY Mrs Jones described her medical history noting that she had generally been fit and well. She did not note any previous psychological problems and history of such in her family. She recalled a previous road traffic accident several years before that in question, although this had not affected her confidence driving. She has never taken any psychotropic medication and neither has she undergone any psychological therapy prior to the accident. Since the accident, she has seen a counsellor, but did not find this of any help, reflecting that generally the counsellor just let her talk about her feelings and thoughts associated with the accident. (2. 3. 1) MEDICAL RECORDS The claimant’s general practice records from 1970 have been obtained and studied in respect of references to psychological or psychiatric symptoms/conditions which predate the matter under litigation, or occur subsequent to it, and which may be relevant to the current investigation. a) PRIOR TO THE INCIDENT 15/12/1996 RTA, hit from the side, low speed, some neck pain. Nil else. 10/3/1998 Some stress at work, not sleeping. Doesn’t want medication. 6/4/1998 Feels better now. (b) SUBSEQUENT TO THE INCIDENT 4/11/2002 Had accident yesterday, some neck pain. Tearful, not depressed. ?PTS. Advise rest. 03/01/2003 Accident 2/12 ago, terrified of travelling in car. Probs getting to work. Requests counselling – refer M Lewis. Not depressed at presen t. 29/1/2003 †¦.. fear of driving ? for psychotherapy 05/02/2003 Letter of referral to M Lewis regarding fear of riving which is clearly interfering with her quality of life 16/04/2003 Letter M Lewis, Counsellor, noting referral and that an appointment had been offered. 10/08/2003 Still troubled by driving +++ (2. 4) TEST RESULTS (2. 4. 1) DSM-IV POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER SYMPTOM CHECKLIST (As compiled by the writer from the above interview) A (1) Event involving actual/threatened death, serious injury or threat to physical integrity NO (2) Experience of intense fear, helplessness or horror ? Symptom Symptom present Current post accident but not necessarily current 3 of 5 5/21/13 5:54 PM Sample Psychological Report http://www. psychologyservice. co. uk/report1. htm B RE-EXPERIENCE PHENOMENA (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Recurrent/intrusive recollection NO NO Recurrent dreams NO NO Acting/feeling â€Å"As If† event recurring NO NO Distress on exposure YES YES Physiological reactivity on exposure YES YES C AVOIDANCE/NUMBING (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Avoidance of thoughts/feelings NO NO Avoidance of activities/situations YES YES Inability to recall NO NO Diminished Interest NO NO Estrangement/detachment NO NO Constricted affect NO NO Sense of foreshortened future NO NO D INCREASED AROUSAL (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Sleep difficulties NO NO Irritability/angry outbursts NO NO Concentration difficulties NO NO Hypervigilance YES YES Exaggerated startle NO NO For a DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD, positive answers are required from (A) 1 and 2, a minimum of one symptom from (B), three symptoms from (C) and two symptoms from (D). In addition, there must be clinically significant impairment of functioning. (YES) Symptom present but not necessarily related to PTSD ? Some symptomatology present but does not fulfil criteria (3) DISCUSSION AND OPINION Following a road traffic accident in November 2003 Mrs Jones has suffered a marked psychological reaction. She would not at any time have qualified for a diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. She described no significant symptoms of traumatisation. However, the accident appeared to shatter her belief that she could travel safely in a car and left her with a marked sense of vulnerability which underlies her anxiety in relation to car travel. Mrs Jones clearly suffers from a Specific Phobia in relation to driving/ car travel. Whilst she has continued to drive she experiences great distress when she does so and generally endures this situation with dread. The extent of her anxiety has had a marked impact upon the quality of her life, as she, at times, has to work from home and her social life and interests have been restricted. Despite counselling there has been no improvement in the intensity of her psychological reaction over time. Prior to the accident Mrs Jones will be noted to have experienced some stress at work, although this was short lived and did not persist for any length of time. There is no indication of a continuation of a pre-existing condition, and anxiety related to car travel has never been part of her clinical picture beforehand. Whilst she had had a previous road traffic accident in 1996 this had not affected her psychologically. Consequently, her symptoms of anxiety related to driving and car travel can be entirely attributed to the accident in question. 4) CONCLUSIONS (4. 1) SUMMARY OF DIAGNOSIS Mrs Jones has suffered a Specific Phobia to driving/car travel of moderate intensity, which has persisted without improvement over the past year. (4. 2) CAUSATION Her symptoms of anxiety related to driving and car travel can be entirely attributed to the accident in question (4. 3) PROGNOSIS There has been little improvement to date in Mrs Jones’s symptomatology despite being referred for coun selling. However, this form of therapy is rarely appropriate in such anxiety cases and can conversely make the situation worse. She requires cognitive behavioural therapy and with appropriate intervention there should be good recovery within some six to nine months from the commencement of such. (4. 4) TREATMENT REQUIRED Mrs Jones currently requires cognitive behavioural therapy with a therapist such as a chartered clinical psychologist or cognitive behavioural therapist. This should be sought privately given the long waiting lists within the NHS and the cost of therapy should be 4 of 5 5/21/13 5:54 PM Sample Psychological Report http://www. psychologyservice. co. uk/report1. htm udgeted at between ? 90 to ? 120 per session. Some eight sessions should suffice. (5) DECLARATION I understand that my duty as an expert witness is to the court. I have complied with that duty. This report includes all matters relevant to the issues on which my expert evidence is given. I have given details in this report of matters which might affect the validity of this report. I have addressed this report to the court. I confirm t hat I have not entered into any arrangement where the amount or payment of my fees is in any way dependent on the outcome of the case. I confirm that insofar as the facts stated in my report are within my own knowledge I have made clear which they are and I believe them to be true, and that the opinions I have expressed represent my true and complete professional opinion. Mr Brown BSc. MSc. CPsychol Chartered Clinical Psychologist (6) APPENDIX Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) – 4th ed. (1994) Published by the American Psychiatric Association The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (1993) By the World Health Organisation moving ahead in psychology 5 of 5 5/21/13 5:54 PM

The Great Compromise of 1787

The Great Compromise of 1787 The Great Compromise of 1787, also known as the Sherman Compromise, was an agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 between delegates of the states with large and small populations that defined the structure of Congress and the number of representatives each state would have in Congress according to the United States Constitution. Under the agreement proposed by Connecticut delegate Roger Sherman, Congress would be a â€Å"bicameral† or two-chambered body, with each state getting a number of representatives in the lower chamber (the House) proportional to its population and two representatives in the upper chamber (the Senate). Key Takeaways: Great Compromise The Great Compromise of 1787 defined the structure of the U.S. Congress and the number of representatives each state would have in Congress under the U.S. Constitution.The Great Compromise was brokered as an agreement between the large and small states during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 by Connecticut delegate Roger Sherman.Under the Great Compromise, each state would get two representatives in the Senate and a variable number of representatives in the House in proportion to its population according to the decennial U.S. census. Perhaps the greatest debate undertaken by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 centered on how many representatives each state should have in the new governments lawmaking branch, the U.S. Congress. As is often the case in government and politics, resolving a great debate required a great compromise- in this case, the Great Compromise of 1787. Early in the Constitutional Convention, delegates envisioned a Congress consisting of only a single chamber with a certain number of representatives from each state. Representation The burning question was, how many representatives from each state? Delegates from the larger, more populous states favored the Virginia Plan, which called for each state to have a different number of representatives based on the state’s population. Delegates from smaller states supported the New Jersey Plan, under which each state would send the same number of representatives to Congress. Delegates from the smaller states argued that, despite their lower populations, their states held equal legal status to that of the larger states, and that proportional representation would be unfair to them. Delegate Gunning Bedford, Jr. of Delaware notoriously threatened that the small states could be forced to â€Å"find some foreign ally of more honor and good faith, who will take them by the hand and do them justice.† However, Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts objected to the small states’ claim of legal sovereignty, stating that â€Å"we never were independent States, were not such now, and never could be even on the principles of the Confederation. The States and the advocates for them were intoxicated with the idea of their sovereignty.† Shermans Plan Connecticut delegate Roger Sherman is credited with proposing the alternative of a bicameral, or two-chambered Congress made up of a Senate and a House of Representatives. Each state, suggested Sherman, would send an equal number of representatives to the Senate, and one representative to the House for every 30,000 residents of the state. At the time, all the states except Pennsylvania had bicameral legislatures, so the delegates were familiar with the structure of Congress proposed by Sherman. Sherman’s plan pleased delegates from both the large and small states and became known as the Connecticut Compromise of 1787, or the Great Compromise. The structure and powers of the new U.S. Congress, as proposed by the delegates of the Constitutional Convention, were explained to the people by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison in the Federalist Papers. Apportionment and Redistricting Today, each state is represented in Congress by two Senators and a variable number of members of the House of Representatives based on the state’s population as reported in the most recent decennial census. The process of fairly determining the number of members of the House from each state is called apportionment. The first census in 1790 counted 4 million Americans. Based on that count, the total number of members elected to the House of Representatives grew from the original 65 to 106. The current House membership of 435 was set by Congress in 1911. Redistricting to Ensure Equal Representation   To ensure fair and equal representation in the House, the process of â€Å"redistricting† is used to establish or change the geographic boundaries within the states from which representatives are elected. In the 1964 case of Reynolds v. Sims, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that all of the congressional districts in each state must all have roughly the same population. Through apportionment and redistricting, high population urban areas are prevented from gaining an inequitable political advantage over less populated rural areas. For example, if New York City were not split into several congressional districts, the vote of a single New York City resident would carry more influence on the House than all of the residents in the rest of the State of New York combined.

Advertising job likes and dislikes listening exercise

Advertising job likes and dislikes listening exercise In this listening comprehension you will hear a woman speaking about what she likes and dislikes about her advertising industry job. Listen to what she says and decide whether the following statements are true or false. You will hear the listening twice. Try to listen without reading the listening transcript. After you have finished, check your answers below to see if you have answered the questions correctly. Listen to the selection. Advertising Job Quiz Her job is extremely diverse.She spends a lot of time on the phone.She telephones people to ask them survey questions.The most important thing is what people think.They can lose jobs if sales decrease.She enjoys the artistic nature of her job.Her best idea came when she was brainstorming.Brainstorming is done alone.One great idea alone can bring success.You can lose your job easily.What profession does she work in? Listening Transcript Well, everyday for me is different. I mean to say that some days I speak to clients for hours and hours, and try to convince them that our ideas are the best.   A lot of my time is spent on research. Well, we have to deal with all the viewing and readership figures. We make up our own surveys to discover what a cross section of people think. We dont just look at what people think, but because what really counts is: What sells the goods? The simple fact is that if we dont show a rise in sales we lose a customer.   The part I really enjoy is the creativity. Its funny really. I get ideas in the most peculiar places. The best idea I ever got was one time when I was sitting in the bath. I jumped out and wrote it down immediately. We also do what we call brainstorming. That is: pooling and sharing our ideas. And we get the best ideas this way. That is as a result of teamwork. I mean, alright, we depend on everybody being creative, and this often happens best when youre working alone. But without a good team, no campaign has a hope in hell of succeeding. A good agency is, in fact, a team of individuals who work well alone, but also together.   Hmmm, the drawbacks. Now, the biggest drawback of my work is that you stand or fall by your results. If you cant think of new ideas, or you make an expensive mistake then you get fired. And youre out of a job. Thats always worrying, I can tell you.   Quiz Answers True - Every day is different. She states Well, everyday for me is different.True - Sometimes she spends hours and hours on the phone with one client. She states, I speak to clients for hours and hours and try to convince them that our ideas our best.False - She does research on data they get from surveys. She states  A lot of my time is spent on research.False - Sales is the most important thing. She states  ... because what really counts is: What sells the goods?True - If sales dont rise, they can lose a customer. She states  The simple fact is that if we dont show a rise in sales we lose a customer.True - She really enjoys the creativity. She states  The party I really enjoy is the creativity.False -She was sitting in a bath. She states  The best idea I ever got was one time when I was sitting in the bath.  False - Brainstorming is when everybody gets together to come up with ideas.  She states  ... we call brainstorming. That is: pooling and sharing our ideas.Fals e - Teamwork is required for success. She states  A good agency is a team of individuals who work well alone, but also together. True - If you make a mistake you can get fired.  She states  If you make an expensive mistake then you get fired.  Advertising

Improving Performance through Learning,coaching and development Essay

Improving Performance through Learning,coaching and development - Essay Example As a response to the need for better, bigger, quicker and cost effective communication, call centres are continually introducing improved infrastructures and more advanced technologies. This has resulted to an environment where the call length is measured in seconds, and overt and covert monitoring systems that make certain compliance of employees to precise operating procedures (Holdsworth & Cartwright, 2003, p. 131). Such a setting is what Endeavour communication firm in the UK is trying to adopt. The paper will discuss the firm’s transformation from a phone based call centre to a multichannel service offering centre. This requires coming up with a comprehensive training and development framework. The paper will highlight the basic skills and competencies that will form the basis of the new programme, where the training managers and their team have an assignment of designing and delivering a 4-week training and intervention, which will make sure all the front line staff are fully competent with the new systems and procedures before the launch of the new multi-channel call centre. It will further outline a proposal for training intervention, a description of how the programme would be implemented to meet the specific requirements, and lastly, discuss how reinforcement of the initiative would be done and evaluation of the programme to make sure that the learning outcomes have been realised. Identification of training and development needs Endeavour is an outsourcing provider operating customer contact centres both in the UK and abroad. It has three contact centres, two in the UK and one situated in India. Approximately half of the UK’s front line staffs are situated in one modern call centre. The firm does its recruitment and selection from the local labour pool. Consequently, the firm strives to embark on a major challenge of altering the business model from that of a predominantly phone based call centre to a multichannel service offering. As a consequence, the core drivers of a training and development program for an outsourcing firm like Endeavour include: shifts in customer tastes and preferences, new and challenging business opportunities, technology advancements, and management planning (Garavan, Hogan, & O’Donnell, 2003, p.21-23). The firm required to train and develop its employees because clients have numerous channels for communication. Therefore, it was crucial for the contact centre to provide them with a wide range of options to match their requirements, with the major aim being to enhance customer satisfaction. The range of channels consisted of the following: phone, web chat, fax, email, social media, internet, call queuing, and call back. Consequently, the front-line staffs of Endeavour needed to be trained on key board entry skills, call handling and product knowledge to be fully competent in these areas. Since the firm was launching a new product, this signifies that it was targeting a new market. T his new market consisted of customers who were fond of using the phone, email, social media, and internet among many others. This would result to issues coming up such as mismatch of skills. Therefore, this need for additional training and development was as result of taking up new business opportunities. The refurbishment of the on-site classrooms and training resources led to the installation of special technology system that

McDonald's Strategic Choices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

McDonald's Strategic Choices - Essay Example This will make their comparisons and differences, clearly distinguished. McDonalds's is specialized in; beef, chicken, bread, potatoes, and milk. These are the main products in their ingredients. The firm has rapidly grown and a study on their strategies and policies places it in even a better position of further development. In fact the number of restraunts has drastically increased since its establishment. As a result, the company has built a strong goodwill and public image. Wal-Mart on the other hand has its effect felt globally. The firm has also followed suite by setting up numerous shops in different parts the world and partnering with other major companies. While McDonald's expansion is doing wonderful, Wal-Mart has had its share of disappointments in trying to sell overseas, their business in Britain and Germany was tragic and led to loses. But this in turn, has not changed the position that Wal-Mart is still the World's biggest employer. Wal-Mart expansion is also seen in local hubs unlike other corporates who target mainly the major towns and cities. (Fadtastic It should also be noted that both companies have had their hard times due to small mistakes in their different restaurants, shops and branches spread all over America, Europe and Asia. Claims launched against them being low pays, exploitation, services among others. They in turn practiced the right measures to clear the messes settling the rows. To cite examples that almost ruin their business, there was a time when the Hindu community allegedly claimed that McDonald's French fries had beef flavoring and as a result called on its community to sabotage their products. If it were not for their hardworking strategy team's speed they would have lost it. The team in turn sincerely apologized and later on paid to settle Hindus, anything to win their trust and loyalty back. Wal-Mart though has not yet managed to professionally convince its consumers completely. In fact, communities recently demonstrated over their going, 'greed policy' terming it as green/brain washing over their employee' s package offer that is, low pays and limited health care benefits. Critics say that they are rational in their business activities, workers. It demands that we look at the organization's structures as the first strategy. McDonald's management runs the business under departments with each one handling a different responsibility from the other. The Operations dealing with the equipments, Development taking care of property and structural aspects, Finance in supplies and monetary control, Marketing carrying out sales, promotions while Human Resources caters for customer care, personnel, hygiene and safety. This arrangement has enabled services and products to follow chain easily and as a result, improved on efficiency and customer confidence with are key to boosting loyalty, hence maximizing on their profits.If the consequent choice of strategy is followed, McDonald's can take their desired direction. The firm's vision for growth is in shape though competitors are always trying best to topple them. Basic secrets and traditions that still place them at the top continue to be followed with improvements coming in handy too. He alth is given the number one priority with extreme measures put to ensure that workers and the business premise are

Hunger game Essay Example for Free

Hunger game Essay In the novel the Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, the main character is Katniss Everdeen a female that represent district 12. Throughout her journey she has to fight against eleven other district and twenty-three other tributes in order to be the last tribute to survive. Although Katniss know that the Hunger Games is not an easy task to complete winning or staying alive is the only option, she still gain the power and confidences to compete. Throughout the Hunger Games all the power was given to the totalitarian government of the capitol. The government was able to control the people and the districts of Panem, because they hold most of the country of Panem wealth. In theHunger Games the citizens of Panem were consider to be servants in a brutal game of life and death. The games keep the people of the districts divided and fighting among themselves. â€Å"Taking the kids from our districts, forcing them to kill on another while we watch† (1.  18). The main purpose is to remind the districts how weak they are, and cannot do nothing about it, their deaths is for televised entertainment. As the journey continues Katniss started to develop more power and confidences in herself. The control the capitol has over each districts is to maintain order. But when it came to Katniss and Peeta the capitol had little control over them. â€Å"Eventually I understood this would only lead us to more trouble† (1. 6). At this point in time Katniss’s fear that the capitol is controlling her. â€Å"I don’t want them to change me in there. Turn me into some kind of monster that I’m not† (10. 141). Peeta wants to die as himself, not as one of the capitol’s servants. The Hunger Games involved different stages of dystopia. In which they used propaganda to control the citizens of Panem. The only option they have is to fight for their survival to win or to be killed. However Katniss defeats the capitol and frees the districts from its wrath.

Essay --

The story Jurassic Park, by Michael Crichton, starts off with Mike Bowman taking a vacation with his family on the coast of Costa Rica. As they cruise on their Land Rover, Tina, Bowman’s daughter, runs off after spotting three-toed bird tracks. Tina then encounters a big lizard that makes chirping sounds, and is attacked by it. She is later sent to the hospital, where Dr. Gutierrez is intrigued to find out about the lizard that bit her left arm. Gutierrez goes back to the beach where Tina was attacked, and finds the carcass of a brown-striped lizard. The carcass is sent to the Tropical Diseases Laboratory of Columbia University Medical Center, where it is examined and analyzed. Despite the efforts made, no one is able to identify the lizard’s species, so the carcass is later sent to the Museum of Natural History for further analysis. Meanwhile, Bob Morris, head of the Environmental Protection Agency, becomes suspicious of the Hammond Foundation, which has recently acquired advanced gene sequencing technology. This causes him to believe that InGen, John Hammond’s company located in Costa Rica on Isla Nublar, is part of a reckless genetic engineering experiment. The lizard’s corpse is inspected by Alan Grant, a famous paleontologist, who is shocked to see that it is the carcass of a dinosaur. John Hammond, who was a financial support of Grant’s fossil digs, calls Grant and invites him to Isla Nublar. However, recent reports indicate that there are more lizard attacks in Costa Rica. Because of this, Ingen tasks Donald Gennaro, Hammond’s lawyer, to investigate Isla Nublar along with Grant, Grant’s colleague named Ellie Sattler, and a mathematician named Ian Malcolm. Later, Grant and Sattler board the plane and meet Gennaro. Meanwhi... ... freezer. Since no one alive knows how to use a computer, the group relies on Tim to go to the control room to turn on the electrical fence in order to repel the raptors. As Grant distracts the raptors, Tim somehow manages to activate the electric fence just in time, this, repelling the raptors. As everyone settles down, Grant explains that the reason the dinosaurs were able to reproduce was because of the fact that they had frog DNA. Since certain species of frogs are able to change their gender, this meant that the dinosaurs were able to do this as well. Later, John Hammond is eventually killed by a group of small dinosaurs called compys, and Malcolm dies of his injuries. Eventually, a helicopter comes to rescue Grant, Sattler, and Gennaro with Muldoon and the kids already on board. As Grant looks back, he recalls seeing the island as a â€Å"diminishing bright spot†.

Focus On Obesity Prevention Health And Social Care Essay

Fleshiness is widely recognised as a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and is a quickly increasing job in many developed states throughout the universe ( van Baal et al. , 2008 ) . Australia is no exclusion, in 2008 25 % of the adolescent population aged five to seventeen was classified as being fleshy or corpulent ( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009 ) and it is expected that by 2025 73 % of the entire Australian population will be corpulent, showing that fleshiness and in peculiar childhood fleshiness is a prevailing issue within Australia. Obesity consequences from inordinate weight addition which occurs when more energy is ingested than is required by the organic structure and most commonly consequences from high consumption of high energy nutrient and a deficiency of physical activity ( Pereira-Lancha, Coelho, de Campos-Ferraz, & A ; Lancha, 2010 ) . Corpulent kids will most likely become corpulent grownups without intercession and therefore it is of import to recognize that childhood fleshiness as a public wellness issue has a important impact on both the physical wellness of the person during childhood and in the hereafter every bit good as on the wellness attention system itself. Long term fleshiness entirely has a similar hazard of mortality to that of high blood pressure and high cholesterin degrees every bit good as significantly increasing the hazard of cardiovascular disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( NIDDM ) , intestine malignant neoplastic diseases, saddle sore vesica disease and degenerative arthritis ( World Health Organisation, 2000 ) . The impact of fleshiness on the wellness attention system is merely as important and is demonstrated by the estimated $ 58 billion one-year cost of fleshiness in Australia over 2008 ( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009 ) . The corpulent population have the highest one-year health care costs in footings of diabetes and musculoskeletal diseases ( new wave Baal, et al. , 2008 ) and it i s predicted that in the hereafter wellness attention costs will increase by $ 5.6 billion a twelvemonth due to fleshiness related diabetes entirely ( Australian Government: Department of Health and Ageing, 2010 ) . The high cost of childhood fleshiness on society and on the person ‘s wellness throughout their life suggests that supplying support towards intercession plans focused on bar may be good to the wellness attention system and to the general population in the long term. In this essay the determiners that influence fleshiness in primary school aged kids, between five and 13 old ages old, at the person, societal and environmental degrees will be considered and schemes that address the upstream determiners will be evaluated. The societal and physical environments that a kid lives in can besides be extremely influential towards their weight. Socially, kids that are overweight are more likely to be bullied at school ( Janssen, Craig, Boyce, & A ; Pickett, 2004 ) which can do the kid psychological emphasis and may ensue in societal backdown of the kid further intensifying their weight jobs as they are less likely to be active with other kids during tiffin times at school. Furthermore, kids that come from a household of lower socioeconomic position are likely to hold an increased BMI of 0.93 for males and 1.08 for females ( King, Kavanagh, Jolley, Turrell, & A ; Crawford, 2006 ) when compared with kids from higher socioeconomic position households. This may be a consequence of the frequently high costs involved for kids to be involved in local organised featuring squads that the parents with lower socioeconomic position can non afford and therefore their kids can non take part and therefore form portion to t he 37 % of kids who do non take portion in organized athletics ( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009 ) . Environmentally, the two prima determiners associating to physical activity degrees among kids are entree and safety. When surveyed most parents were concerned about the frequently big Numberss of roads that their kids needed to traverse in order to acquire to play countries where no visible radiations or crossings were present. This was found to hold a direct consequence on the physical activity degrees of kids whose parents believed traffic was heavy in their local streets and accordingly they were 40 % more likely to be fleshy or corpulent ( Timperio, Salmon, Telford, & A ; Crawford, 2005 ) . Finally, handiness to safe countries in which kids could be active is besides a important factor that determines the activity degree among kids. The physical school environment such as resort areas and maintained ellipses were seen as extremely of import due to the important sum of clip that kids spent at that place, nevertheless these countries were frequently locked on the weekend significance kids could non entree the installations that enabled them to be active ( Dunton, Kaplan, Wolch, Jerrett, & A ; Reynolds, 2009 ) . Similarly, a deficiency of indoor installations meant that during the seasons where the conditions was frequently unfavorable the activity degree among kids dropped and the prevalence of fleshiness increased ( Dietz & A ; Gortmaker, 1984 ) . In many ways the current attacks to the intervention of childhood fleshiness involve similar schemes to those which need to be utilised for bar at the upstream degree. Presently, for intervention of fleshiness, kids will frequently see a wellness professional such as a general practician who can so mention them onto a specializer such as a dietician. First the eating wonts of the kid demand to be addressed and this requires the instruction of the kid ‘s parents about basic nutrition. Second, it is necessary for the kid to increase their physical activity degrees and it is encouraged that this be undertaken as a household as it has been proven to be more effectual ( Skelton & A ; Beech, 2011 ) , for illustration household motorcycle drives ( Better Health Channel, 2011 ) . However this extremely individualized intervention reflects the biomedical theoretical account of wellness ( Germov, 2005 ) and is of high cost to society, hence if bar plans can efficaciously make larger grou ps of people these intervention costs may no longer be necessary. In footings of bar, it is apparent that big scale bar schemes aimed toward motive and behavioral alteration, such as mass media runs, are non effectual merely on their ain. This is supported by the fact that 95 % of parents were cognizant of media studies on childhood fleshiness ( Covic, et al. , 2007 ) nevertheless obesity rates among kids still continued to mount. This suggests that the usage of community based intercessions combined with Government degree intercessions at both the province and federal degree may be more effectual toward bar of fleshiness in kids. In conformity with the phases of behavior alteration theoretical account ( Queensland Government, 2007 ) parents must be motivated to originate a alteration in their ain behavior every bit good as their kid ‘s before they will take notice of runs such as â€Å" Swap It † and â€Å" Travel for your life † ( Australian Government, 2011 ) . To turn to this job community based intercessions such as general instruction approximately fleshiness as, 35 % of parents of corpulent kids do non believe that their kid is fleshy ( Myers & A ; Vargas, 2000 ) , every bit good as its effects on one ‘s wellness ( Egger, Spark, & A ; Donovan, 2005 ) are necessary. Similarly, the induction of behavior alteration could be undertaken at a community degree to promote households to alter their behaviors so that it incorporates a healthy diet and physical activity into their day-to-day modus operandi ( Sargent, Pilotto, & A ; Baur, 2011 ) . Programs could include free household dietetic instruction and cookery categories which have proven to significantly diminish fleshiness degrees in kids over a 12 month clip period, as have school based intercessions focused around educating the kids themselves about cut downing the sum of electronic media that they use ( Wilson, et al. , 2003 ) . At a higher degree, the federal authorities could look at their fiscal aid to households of lower socioeconomic position, as in the United States a consequence of the societal safety net plan was a decrease in childhood fleshiness ( Gundersen, Mahatmya, Garasky, & A ; Lohman, 2011 ) . Similarly, the province authorities could take to supply more support towards the care of local featuring evidences potentially leting featuring nines to take down their fees and increasing the handiness of organized athletics to kids of lower socioeconomic position. In add-on, the execution of more policies such as the mandated clip allocated to physical activity and athletics within authorities schools ( State Government Victoria, 2005 ) would farther advance day-to-day physical activity among kids and aid in forestalling childhood fleshiness. In relation to Physiotherapy pattern, a physical therapist may handle kids who have developed jobs such as diabetes and musculoskeletal conditions as a consequence of their fleshiness. This means that physical therapists see at first hand the effects of being corpulent and this cognition combined with their wellness professional position makes them ideal members of the community to educate the wider community on the wellness hazards of their kids being corpulence. For illustration presently physiotherapists may be able to get down by sing female parents groups every bit good as speaking to their patients and educating them about nutrition early, in an effort to forestall the kids developing unhealthy eating wonts at all. In the long term, physical therapists may work together with other wellness professionals every bit good as the local authoritiess to organize free community events affecting both parents and kids that encourage healthy eating wonts and regular physical activity and therefore in bend will take to diminish fleshiness degrees among kids in the community. In add-on, physical therapists once more alongside other wellness attention professionals may take to do alteration politically at the local or province authorities degree by suggesting to these authoritiess ways in which the physical environment demands to be changed such as put ining traffic visible radiations or crossings on busy roads to increase the safety and hence handiness of countries in which kids can be physically active. These chances for physical therapists to go involved in the bar of childhood fleshiness are straight turn toing many of the upstream determiners of wellness, nevertheless there are besides challenges that they may confront. The chief challenge that physical therapists and others working towards bar may come across is the authorities, local, province or federal. While community events such as household featuring yearss can be organised by physical therapists and other members of the community it frequently requires blessing by authorities governments which can be difficult to obtain and at the least at that place needs to be an accessible country to keep these events. Childhood fleshiness is a important job in current Australian society and without intercession to turn to the development of unhealthy eating wonts and deficiency of physical activity, which cause weight addition and lead to fleshiness, the job will merely go on to increase, nevertheless the solution is non that simple. There are many determiners at both single and upstream degrees which limit the effectivity of a individual solution and ways to turn to these determiners that reach the bulk of the community must be introduced. The key to battling childhood fleshiness within the community is to increase parental engagement as this increases the opportunities that intervention and bar will be successful. Once parental engagement is gained, intercessions get downing with instruction around nutrition both for parents and as portion of the school course of study for kids have proven to be most successful, followed by supplying chances for households of all socioeconomic backgrounds to be active. Alongside the community based intercession plans at that place needs to be action by higher degree organic structures such as the local, province and federal authoritiess to ease the community plans when issues such as the physical environment demand to be addressed. Personally, from this essay I have learned that the issue of childhood fleshiness with Australia is a batch more important than I thought it was, and that behind all wellness issues there is a complex web of factors that all influence one another and to efficaciously handle the issue a balance must be found between them. The huge handiness of Australian surveies allowed me to happen information that is accurate and relevant to the Australian society in which I will most probably be working in. However, my essay was in some ways limited by the copiousness of stuff that was available. While the surveies that I researched gave me grounds back uping one scheme at that place may hold been others which I did non happe n giving grounds against that same scheme. However my usage of multiple equal reviewed beginnings that used dependable trialling methods when relevant should ensue in the information provided to be right.

Positive Links Hope and Hapiness

As I read the article â€Å"Positive Links Hope and Happiness† by Jerry Lopper, my minds starts to wonder. What am I thinking about? I am wondering about the word â€Å"Hope. † I always say this to myself: without hope there would not be life. The article is about the function of hope in happiness, how hope and optimism are related, and how hope can determine academic success. In addition, the article also states that hope can be learned. Psychologist researchers study the role of hope in happiness. The psychologist researchers find out that it is very important and it adds a lot of aspects to people wellbeing. I agree with the author; many times when I feel sad, it is like my body cannot function. I remember one day, my mom left to go to America. I and my sisters were very sad. Often times, I would wonder if I will ever see her again. I had no hope and that took a toile on my life. First, I started cutting class at school. After, I started getting in a lot of trouble in my neighborhood. If I had had hope, maybe those things would have never happened to me. In the article, Mr. Lopper says hope and optimism are slightly different. Optimism perspective focuses on the positive in life. On the other hand, hope focuses on specific things in life. Mr. Lopper states that they are co-related with happiness. Mr. Lopper also states that famous motivational writer by the name of Dale Carnegie, identified that â€Å"most of the important things in the world have been accomplished by people who have kept trying when there seemed to be no hope at all. † I like those words, listening to it motivates me. I am going to achieve all my goals even if it seems impossible. One of my goals is to be a doctor. Even though at this very moment, it seems impossible; I know I can do it. I am going to have high measures of hope. In the article it says, people with high measure of hope have the ability to endure twice as much pain than people without hope. The good thing about hope, it can be learned. In a small study done by Ohio state university, the study places participants in a therapy session. They teach the participants skills that they believe are similar to hope. When participants are compared with people that are not in a therapy group, they possess significant measures of self-esteem, life meaning and anxiety. In conclusion, all of life challenges can be overcome if you have hope. I am going to leave this with people; without hope there is no life.

A Night on the Lake essays

A Night on the Lake essays The story Greasy Lake written by T. Coraghessan Boyle had a special impact on me personally. I could relate to the characters and their rebel without a cause attitude. I was 19, thought I was bad, and there was nothing in the world that could stop me. Unfortunately I had a sobering incident at a lake similar to the guys in Greasy Lake. Like the characters, the setting of the lake where I got in trouble is going to have a sobering effect on me for the rest of my life. I was going to boarding school in Jacksonville, Florida at the time. My friends and I were young and we thought we were bad. Similar to the characters we would cruise the town at night looking for something to occupy our time, but we usually ended up at a local lake to just hang out. It was a place of refuge for us to relax and catch a high that would take us out of reality for sometime. Our reasoning for going to the lake was the same as the characters as the narrator explains here: We went up to the lake because everyone went there, because we wanted to snuff he rich scent of possibility on the breeze, watch a girl take off her clothes and plunge into the festering murk, drink beer, smoke pot, howl at the stars, savor the incongruous full-throated roar of rock and roll against the primeval susurrus of frogs and crickets. (129) The lake always provided a fun social atmosphere for my friends and I at the time, until the day it would change our lives forever. The night started out like any other night. I was with three of my friends that shared the same bad attitude as myself. We were cruising the strip looking for trouble without ever thinking of the consequences. We came to the conclusion that the best thing to do was go up to our lake, since it was a pretty dead night and we were sure to find some people up there. By the time we got to the lake we had a drank some alcohol and smoked a little pot, but to us this was ...

Analysis of a Media Source’s Coverage on a Research

The Wall Street Journal published an article regarding a recent psychopharmacology study on depression done by Dr. Hunter that investigated whether pre-medication brain activity corresponded with treatment outcome. In addition, the article discusses the interesting results garnered from the placebo group v. medicated group analysis. While the news piece does a fair job in representing the study’s findings, the author does delve into extrapolations not statistically supported in the actual study. Fifty-one adults who were diagnosed with major depression were used in the study, and this was accurately reported by the news article (Wang, 2006). Hunter et al. investigated whether there were significant differences in â€Å"demographic characteristics, illness history, baseline illness severity, [and] final response[s],† and finding none, pooled the subjects for analysis (2006, p. 1427). This does give the Journal, who must condense the findings for the public, good reason to fail in reporting this. The study is experimental in nature, also using double-blind and randomized assignment to help rid the results of confounding variable input. All of the subjects were given a placebo anti-depressant for a one-week lead-in; after this, half of the individuals were continued on the placebo while the others were given one of two anti-depressants. Electroencephalograph (EEG) readings were taken at the time of enrollment, after the lead-in period, and several times later (over an eight week period). The Wall Street Journal condenses this explanation down, and while the article abandons the jargon of an experimenter, it does give the impression of an experimental method being followed. When the news article explains how the researchers defined their variables they leave out valuable information. The author states that patients with certain brain-patterns â€Å"ended up responding better to antidepressant treatment[s],† but fails to mention how this was evaluated (Wang, 2006, p. 1). A Hamilton depression scale was given to judge improvement, giving reliability to the study’s findings. However, the news piece does accurately report that EEG was also used, in an attempt to find a decrease in prefrontal lobe activity. This study uses a control group, those maintained on the placebo, and compares their EEGs to those of the medicated group, but the main focus of the research was the search for experimental evidence supporting that the commonly used one-week lead-in can predict treatment outcome via brain imaging. The Wall Street Journal article focuses on only a facet of the study, and one that the researcher’s claim to have nonsignificant support for. Wang states that, â€Å"patients who developed this brain-pattern change ended up responding better †¦ than patients who didn’t,† which is misleading to an audience that has not read the actual research (2006, p. 1). While Hunter et al. do find that their EEG scans were a good indicator of treatment success, they also caution that: Although the placebo and medication group analyses yielded different brain regional predictors of outcomes, because of the absence of statistical group interaction we cannot conclude that changes in †¦ [the differing brain regions] †¦ differentially predicted outcomes (2006, p. 430). The news article wrongly insinuates that the study provided evidence for a brain-pattern that is linked to a good treatment outcome in depression. It is certainly true that this study offered outcomes that encourage research in this direction, and that the author also seems to believe that the EEG-pattern found is â€Å"a good indicator† for success, but after reading the actual experiment, Wang seems to have inflated the actual findings. Having critiqued the insinuations of the news piece, the extrapolations made by the author do have some merit. The researchers discovered that both the medicated and the placebo groups had a similar variance â€Å"predicted by the neurophysiological changes occurring during the placebo lead-in phase† (Hunter et al. , 2006, p. 1429). They offered some possible causal factors such as â€Å"pharmacotherapeutic alliance and pretreatment expectations,† these results seem to demonstrate a placebo-treatment effect, which offers even more reason to further investigate how a patient’s treatment induction affects his/her progress (Hunter et al. , 2006, p. 1429). Though not mentioned or referenced in the Wall Street Journal item, the ethical issues surrounding this experiment are noted by Hunter et al. Providing individuals suffering from major depression placebos for eight weeks is risky, using a double-blind procedure makes it even more dangerous. While the IRB board of UCLA did require a 15-25 minute counseling session during each patient’s visit, this is a massive step down from the psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic support offered at the recruitment area (a psychiatric outpatient hospital) (Hunter et al. 2006). Conversely though, this ethical â€Å"patch† does raise an interesting question for further research, lightly touched on by the study’s authors; if this psychotherapy (however minute) was responsible for a pre-treatment neurophysiological shift, and the shifts that were indicatory of better treatment outcomes could be identified, research could be done to more effectively meld psychotherapy and medic al psychiatry. It is understandable why media reports often leave out details of a research study, often the conclusions and discussion by the author/s of the study are of more interest to the public. However, when a media piece merely latches onto a nonsignificant observation or a suggestion for future research found in the study, the true findings of the experiment are overshadowed by the speculation of the piece’s author. When a media source offers information about a study, it is vital to maintain a skeptical and critical mindset towards the findings until they are corroborated by the primary source. It is important to look for information that supports the generalizability of the study’s findings. In the piece presented above, it is worth noting that the study was done on depressed individuals, other psychopathologies may not have any correlation to the results or conclusions provided. The media also commonly jumps from correlation to causation, whether directly or implicitly. While scientific information is the goal of research, sensitization by the media will usually occur to some degree.

Entropy impact in other fields besides of engineering Essay

Entropy impact in other fields besides of engineering - Essay Example In a clogged thermodynamic system, entropy worsens due to degradation. The physical law of nature states that if entropy is left untouched, it declines steadily. This means that entropy does not perform any good. The adverse effects of entropy are analogous to disorder within a business setting. Like entropy, businesses slowly decline in performance due to degradation. Deterioration occurs in many aspects of a business environment in all levels. For example; a manufacturing system that is comprised of people, materials and processes that are tailored to deliver finished services and goods to consumers. In order to stay competitive, the final product must have the quality that attracts customers and at the least amount. The emergence of business disorders will halt the quality and competitive price of the final product. A manager should employ management tactics that take the business disorders into account and come up with ways to fight this deterioration (Alcedo, 2011). The following factors should be considered; processes, in a business environment, employees come face to face with the same type of a process on a daily basis. A process is defined as a mix of inputs that generate matching outputs. Continuous process innovation should be carried out to combat process entropy. Such entropy is prevalent in mechanistic organizations that fail to accept easily change. Bureaucratic organizations rely on values and regulations, centralized hierarchy and defined job responsibilities (Mintzberg, 1989). They also rely on an authority, a clear chain of command and a central decision-making organ. They are repetitive, simple and standardized. Managers should introduce continuous improvement techniques that scrutinize processes and come up with ways of improving them. This is a low-cost approach to improving the processes. Innovations should also be