Morality in war Essay Example for Free

Profound quality in war Essay Is war ever good? I feel that War is a vital piece of life. Here and there power is simply the best way to guard or others. We are on the whole equivalents, and It is improper to end the life of anybody, yet it is likewise unethical to leave the life of anybody alone taken. We have a duty to help each other on the grounds that participation is the main way humankind can endure; we likewise reserve a privilege to safeguard ourselves. This implies in the event that another person is compromising you or anothers life, and you are fit for helping, you have a commitment to ensure yourself or them. Deadly power will never be good, yet imagine a scenario in which it’s the best way to secure somebody. Let’s state that an aggressor has broken into your home and is holding a weapon to you and your family. You likewise have a weapon pointed at the aggressor. In this theoretical circumstance we should accept that the best way to spare your family is to slaughter the assailant. You should settle on a decision to execute the assailant or let the aggressor slaughter you and your family. The two choices are improper, so one needs to inquire as to whether its increasingly unethical to execute the aggressor, or to let the assailant slaughter your family? The undeniable decision to me is to murder the aggressor. I feel this is the correct decision as a result of two reasons. One, our duty to secure ourselves and our family is bigger than the obligation to not do damage to another. The subsequent explanation has to do with the extent of harm. The assailant would accomplish more mischief in murdering my family and me then I would do in executing him. This model permits us to see, from a more minor perspective, when deadly power is important. Things get increasingly confounded when we take a gander at whole nations as opposed to only one family, yet my view point continues as before. Deadly power is possibly allowed when it is simply the main choice to guard or others. War is important in light of the fact that individuals some of the time settle on improper choices that set others in a place where there is no other choice, yet is war ever good? Murdering is consistently improper, and slaughtering is a piece of war, so parts of war are indecent, however does this mean war is intrinsically corrupt? In some cases it is the least shameless decision; this settles on it the most good decision, so it is at some point moral. I accept that a significant number of the wars we have had have been unethical. I don’t feel that the United States has been legitimized in it’s activities without fail. â€Å"It is disturbing that military mediation in inside clashes in outside nations has gotten ordinary for the United States. † Vladimir Putin. I feel that it is to a limited extent because of the traditional â€Å"male† way to deal with morals which centers around â€Å"independence, self-governance, acumen, will, carefulness, chain of command, control, culture, amazing quality, item, parsimony, war, and death,† Jaggar, â€Å"Feminist Ethics,† 1992 One can see that these attributes would take into consideration war to be all the more regularly ethically satisfactory. A â€Å"feminist† way to deal with morals would concentrate more on â€Å"interdependence, network, association, sharing, feeling, body, trust, nonattendance of pecking order, nature, characteristic, process, euphoria, harmony, and life. †Jaggar, â€Å"Feminist Ethics,† 1992 These qualities take into account an increasingly tranquil world. The Syrian system was blamed for utilizing synthetic weapons against it’s own kin in september of 2013. The weapon of mass pulverization â€Å"Sarin† may have been utilized, and this activity is against universal law. The United states felt committed to step in and rebuff the Syrian Government for this since they felt it was on the planets wellbeing to not release these barbarities unpunished. It could be progressively risky to let them pull off it since worldwide law could self-destruct and the world could go to disorder if nothing is never really wrong conduct. This being stated, what is the best strategy to rebuff the Syrian government in the event that they did infact utilize this weapon? Military activity was discussed, and President Obama was happy to assault if essential, however I feel this is risky. In the event that the United States were to assault the Syrian government without UN endorsement It could have a similar impact as sitting idle. This is on the grounds that the US would likewise be violating universal law, and this could likewise make the UN self-destruct. On the off chance that solid nations like the US sidestep UN endorsement on military activities, at that point International law amounts to nothing. â€Å"The world responds by asking: on the off chance that you can't rely on global law, at that point you should discover different approaches to guarantee your security. In this manner a developing number of nations look to gain weapons of mass decimation. This is legitimate: on the off chance that you have the bomb, nobody will contact you. † - Vladimir Putin. Likewise, military activity would not be ethically satisfactory in this circumstance since it would not be in self preservation; it would be a demonstration of animosity causing more damage than anything else. A political methodology would be a positive development for this specific circumstance. This genuine circumstance permits us to perceive how we can pass judgment on the ethical quality of an activity for a bigger scope. Taking everything into account, war can be good, yet it is just a system to accomplish harmony and security for a gathering. Every single other choice ought to be investigated before war can be thought of; this is on the grounds that war includes probably the most corrupt activities conceivable; the slaughtering of others. â€Å"Never imagine that war, regardless of how vital, nor how legitimized, isn't a wrongdoing. †-Ernest Hemingway http://www. brainyquote. com/cites/cites/e/ernesthemi108407. html#zB7XwPTRbCpbv7my. 99 http://www. nytimes. com/2013/09/12/conclusion/putin-request for-alert from-russia-on-syria. html? _r=0.

A Critical Essay on Raimondo Pannikar Essay

Raimondo Panikkar is a Roman Catholic Priest who has practical experience in the study of similar principle of confidence. He was conceived in Barcelona Spain on November 03. 1918. Conceivably. the varying bury confidence marriage of his female parent. who was a Catholic from Catalonia Spain. what's more, his male parent who was a Hindu from a very arranged standing Nair from South India. accounts most for his association in relative profound tenet. His guidance other than contributed much in this. He was taught in a Jesuit school and he took up substance science and teaching at colleges in Madrid. Barcelona and Bonn. In the wake of being appointed as a Roman Catholic Priest in 1946. also, keeping specialist's degrees in Philosophy and Science ( Complutense University. Madrid 1945 and 1958 ) and holiness ( Pontifical Lateran University. Rome. 1961 ) . he left for India in 1953 to set about surveies in Indian principle and confidence at the University of Mysore and at the Banaras Hindu University. He composed 40 books and around a 1000 articles covering with near precept and confidence and has thought on rules and examples of multi-confidence. which incorporates among others. duologues between Christian-Hindu. Christian-Buddhist and Christian-Secularist. In the book Intrareligious Dialouges. Panikkar said â€Å"I left as a Christian ; got myself a Hindu ; and I return as a Buddhist. without holding stopped to be a Christian. † ( Panikkar. Paulist Press ; reexamined release. July 1999. ISBN 0809137631 ) . Panikkar’s parts are generally cited and, as it were, utilized to back up the hypothesis of ( your easily recognized name 2 ) profound pluralism. interfaith and multi-confidence surveies each piece great as otherworldly near precept. THE WEBSITE HTTP:/WWW. RELIGIOUSTOLERANCE. Organization No undertaking how you depict yourself. you ought to happen your convictions and examples precisely spoke to in this site. †( ReligiousTolerance. organization ) This site is a copyrighted side by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. In their Statement of conviction the web Masterss said that they are a multi-confidence gathering. Starting at 2008-FEB. we comprise of one Atheist. Skeptic. Christian. Wiccan and Zen Buddhist. Along these lines. the OCRT staff insufficiency understanding on pretty much all religious undertakings. for example, confidence in an incomparable being. the idea of God. perusing of the Bible and other heavenly messages. regardless of whether life after expire exists. what structure the great beyond may take. and so on ( ReligiousTolerance. organization ) They continue to discuss cardinal focuses in their conviction framework in a slug way. also, among others. said that they In progressing in the direction of a human progress that is relatively liberated from bias on the balance of sexual orientation. race. sexual direction. sexual orientation distinction. confidence. national start. physical disablement. age. and so on ( ReligiousTolerance. organization ) . On the left manus side of the site there are interactive connections of articles and expositions that rundown among others. the significant religions of the universe. Non-mystical articles, for example, Agnosticism and Humanism. There are other than articles on Religious Ethical thought processes. Harmony and Conflict. â€Å"Hot† Topics each piece great as Laws and News. By and large the site is evident and direct. The interface is extremely simple to ( your commonly recognized name 3 ) use and truly easy to use. The site has benefactors advertisements. be that as it may, none of the standard irritation pop-ups. and additionally seething ambient sounds and different knick-knacks that are found in other sites. The articles in the site introduced in a rationale way. are anything but difficult to use and subjects are listed unmistakably for simple referencing and recovery. It is other than peppered with pieces and quotes from profound pioneers and other important characters. One such representation is on the base part of the website page. from Mahatma Gandhi â€Å"The request of the moment is non one confidence. be that as it may, basic respect and resistance of the devotees of the various religions. ( Ghandi ) . The site is an important asset for data in the significant beliefs of the universe. It is a five star start of in profundity otherworldly similar articles each piece great as current issues affecting religion and example. WORKS CITED Pannikar. Raimondo. Intrareligious Dialouges: Paulist Press ; updated version. July 1999. ISBN 0809137631 ) . Raimon-Panikkar. organization Fundacion Vivarium Raimon Panikkar †Tavertet ( Catalunya ) Retrieved February 25. 2009. hypertext move convention:/www. raimon-panikkar. organization/record. html ReligiousTolerance. Organization. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Recovered February 25. 2009. hypertext move convention:/www. religioustolerance. organization/

Critique The Student Author Anil Toraty on topicWhy is it important

Critique The Student Author Anil Toraty on topicWhy is it important Critique The Student Author Anil Toraty on topic:Why is it important for leader performance achievement to be measured reported â€" Assignment Example > Measuring and Reporting Leaders’ Performance and Achievement Measuring and Reporting Leaders’ Performance and Achievement Organizations that perform well usually develop and set out effective performance measurement for its leaders. Performance measurement helps an organization in evaluating their programs, processes and employees. Key performance indicators evaluate progress of programs and processes for achieving an organization’s goals and objectives. The paper provides a critical analysis of the work of Anil Toraty on the reasons for carrying out performance and achievement measurement in an organization. Anil approaches the topic with a focus on three major areas that include measurement, reporting and importance of performance and achievement to leaders. Measurement of Performance and Achievement Anil fails to introduce the topic under discussion. A brief paragraph should introduce the topic and extensively expound on it, which gives the reader an insight on what the paper presents. The introduction used in this critique offers a suggestion on how to introduce the topic on performance and achievement measurement. It is prudent to discuss the subtopics only after introducing the main topic. The reader is unable to link the idea of measuring performance with the topic under discussion at this stage. Poor referencing appears in the second sentence of the introductory section. A good suggestion could be that Mitzberg, Kotter and Spitzer extensively wrote on the importance of conducting performance measurement within business organizations. Anil does not give a clear explanation of how measuring the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) makes performance visible. First, there should be an explanation on what Key Performance Indicators are. According to Spitzer (2007, p. 40), KPIs ar e precise measurements reflecting the critical success factor of business. KPIs vary depending on the organization, and are usually long-term. Instead of just making shallow statement that KPIs make performance visible, a brief discussion on functions of KPIs is appropriate. KPIs provide business leaders with measurable standards that they can use to track the progress and implement changes in an organization (Frederickson Frederickson 2006, p. 39). KPIs find their use mostly when businesses perform strategic planning. In the process of carrying out strategic planning, KPIs helps to benchmark the business’ current performance. Even though the preceding sentences attempt to elaborate more on the significance of performance measurement, Anil does not give proper explanation on this area. Measuring performance benefits the business in many ways. First, it helps in identifying if the business is meeting the needs of customers (Spitzer 2007, p. 58). Second, it helps in understanding the processes in an organization, which then can make chief executive officers to be aware of problems in an organization. In addition, performance measurement points out areas that need improvement, hence ensures accomplishment of organizational goal and objectives. Anil’s paper fails to address measurement of achievement. The first section only discuses measurement of performance, but it should to be in one section. Addressing measurement of achievement gives a comparison between the two in terms of their significance in a business organization. According to Marshall and Marshall, 2011, measuring achievement bases on the results of business processes (p. 18). Therefore, measuring achievement helps an organization identify accomplished goals and objectives. Reporting of Performance and Achievement A detailed discussion is evident in the section of reporting performance and achievement. The section shows facts on every detail. Moreover, Anil uses Harvard Business Review to enhance the reader’s understanding of reporting leader’s performance and achievement. Reporting leader’s performance and achievements involve listing the names of top managers and other executive officers of a different organization (Marshall Marshall 2011, p. 10). There are establishments that specifically do this work, for instance the Harvard Business Review as outlined in Anil’s paper. Although Anil’s discussion on this section is good, purpose for reporting leader’s performance does not come out clearly. Anil, should state that reporting leader’s performance and achievement is mainly to motivate the best performing executive officers in an organization. Individuals feel motivated if they receive appreciation for a job well done. Importance of Measuring and Reporting Leader’s Performance The final section of the paper is equally good and gives a detailed explanation on the importance of measuring and reporting performance and achievement in an organization. However, the paper ought to provide further explanations on how measuring and reporting leader’s performance help in the formulation of organizational visions and goals (Institute of Medicine 2006, p. 329). Leaders with demonstrated managerial skills can formulate goals and objectives to ensure success of the business. It is important to discuss that measuring leader’ performance acts to motivate them to continue striving and maintain the high operation standards already established. The content of Anil’s paper is relatively exhaustive on discussing the topic of measuring and reporting of leaders’ performance with an organization. In addition, there are instances of improper referencing in Anil’s paper as criticized above. Bibliography Frederickson, D Frederickson, G 2006, Measuring the Performance of the Hollow State, Georgetown University Press, Washington. Institute of Medicine 2006,  Performance Measurement: Accelerating Improvement, National Academies Press, Washington D. C. Marshall, E. Marshall, E 2011, Transformational Leadership in Nursing: From Expert Clinician to Influential Leader, Springer, New York. Spitzer, D 2007,  Transforming Performance Measurement: Rethinking the Way We Measure and Drive Organizational Success, Amacom, New York.

Bullying And Its Effects On Children - 1181 Words

Bullying is unwanted behavior that causes a child to feel isolated and alone. In order for an act to be considered bullying the act has to be, or be able to be repeated multiple times. Bullying can be done verbally by teasing, name-calling, taunting or inappropriate sexual comments directed at someone to purposefully upset them. Bullying can be done socially by isolating students on purpose, telling other students not to play with them, spreading rumors about students or attempting to embarrass them in public. Bullying can also be done physically by hitting, kicking, spitting, tripping, breaking property or making rude gestures. Most bullying is done during unstructured times such as recess, lunch, in the hallways, before school or after school. There is typically less adult supervision during those times. All of these things are meant to bring down the self-esteem of others. Bullying can have very serious effects on both students being bullied as well as the bully themselve s. Cyber Bullying Cyber bullying is bullying that uses technology such as computers, laptops, cell phones or IPad’s to isolate students in a similar way to physical, verbal or social bullying. What makes cyber bullying different is that children who are cyber bullied are also bullied at school too. This makes it very difficult for the child to escape bullying. Cyber Bullying can happen 24/7 and can reach children even when they are alone. Cyber bullying can be done anonymously and canShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Bullying on Children1344 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying in schools is believed to be a normal part of school life, however, when people begin to have this mentality, they forget that bullying is physically and psychologically harmful to both the bully and the victim, therefore, bullying must be eradicated from schools by raising awareness and increasing supervision. The act of bullying or the fear of being bullied underlies almost everything kids do these days. No longer can students leave the gossip and self-doubt at school and go home forRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Bullying is considered to be aggressive behavior that is repeated or has the potential to be repeated, over a period of time. The actions of bullying can include spreading rumors, making threats, verbally or physically attacking someone, or purposely isolating someone from a group. As children attempt to make sense of traumatic events, new behavioral problems can stem from re-experienced occurrences. Some children affected may disassociate themselves from the situations and absorb themselvesRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1476 Words   |  6 Pagesseveral decades, bullying has spread significantly. It has been present all over the world for as long as people can remember. And when technology was released, it created new ways for people to communicate, which made bullying become even worse than before. Adults, teenagers, and children that are all the same are being bullied. Bullying can take form in many different ways, as well as it can affect the victim, and people ar e also able to stop the behavior. THE TYPES OF BULLYING A bullying victim canRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1528 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bullying can happen anywhere and to anyone whether it is online or in person. It can happen at school, in your neighborhood, or while your on-line. â€Å"Bullying is when someone is being hurt by words or by actions on purpose.† â€Å"Cyberbullying is using technology - internet, email, cell phones, social media, pictures - to hurt or harm someone.† It can have a major effect on the bully and the victim both. But, bullying is not just name calling, it is also teasing, spreading rumors, leavingRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1366 Words   |  6 Pagescausing this behavior. Primary school is an especially tough time for our young ones. If educators are really looking to put an end to bullying, they have to attack it from the root of the problem (Linder-Altman). What a child is wearing will not get them bullied, it depends on the bully. Making uniforms mandatory in efforts to decrease bullying, only teaches our children that the only way to be accepted is by conforming which is not what we should be pushing for. It’s important to attack the problemRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1533 Words   |  7 PagesBullying can happen anywhere and to anyone whether it is online or in person. It can happen at school, in your neighborhood, or while your on-line. â€Å"Bullying is when someone is being hurt by words or by actions on purpose.† â€Å"Cyberbullying is using technology - internet, email, cell phones, social media, pictures - to hurt or harm someone.† It can have a major effect on the bully and the victim both. But, bullying is not just name calling, it is also teasing, spreading rumors, leaving someone outRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children864 Words   |  4 PagesKerianna Rimmer Have you ever been bullied? Have you ever bullied someone? Bullying has become a huge issue. It is occurring all across the world. There are a few different types of bullying, which I will be discussing. First, bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among children. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential of being repeated. Both kids who bully and are bullied may have serious, lasting problems. Bullying is a form of behavior in which someone repeatedly and intentionally causesRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Children1990 Words   |  8 Pagesmore than 160,000 children miss school out of fear of being bullied, according to National Education Association estimates. Bullying takes many forms, ranging from the seemingly innocuous name-calling to the more harmful cyberbullying to severe physical violence. It happens everywhere, at all times to the most vulnerable of kids, especially those who are obese, gay or have a disability. And besides the physical, emotional and psychological tolls it imposes on victims, bullying produces adverse socioeconomicRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1144 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is found in elementary, middle, and high school all around the world. School bullying occurs at similar rates such as cultures, countries and educational settings. It can take many direct and indirect forms, like physical violence, name calling, taunting, teasing, horrible rumors, and social exclusion. Since the late 90’s, several school shootings committed by the victims of the school bullying have brought media attention to the issue. First, bullying depends upon imbalance of power,Read MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1072 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many non-violent ways in which a Christian should respond to any type of bullying. These can include physical bullying, social bullying, cyberbullying and many more. Bullying is the act of intentionally harming others through harassment, assault or manipulation. Source A is an example of how a student had been bullied in grade school. When they got to a bigger school called Junior High, they had less chance to interact. One day that student had come to the cafeteria where the other student

What Everybody Dislikes About Task 1 Essay Samples and Why

What Everybody Dislikes About Task 1 Essay Samples and Why Task 1 Essay Samples Ideas The liquid is then going to be much less difficult to remove. You won't find many recipes which don't require measurements of some sort. Decide on how you would like your task sheet done. A task sheet may be used by means of an entity for a project, a program, or any procedure that has to be executed for a particular time frame. Making the labor task order template is a significant first step at the onset of day because it will help you to set the priorities. Rapid context switching isn't only costly time-wise but in addition causes strain and anxiety stemming from that feeling of constantly hoping to stay informed about an incessant stream of information and assignments. Good measuring is crucial to baking. What's Really Going on with Task 1 Essay Samples Taking into account the planning stage, it is going to become possible to begin at any portion of the paper (for example, you will learn how to begin an argumentative essay introduction) that is the simplest one for you. The next thing to do is to learn to compose a fantastic argumentative essay introduction. Not much creative skills are necessary to compose such sort of College essays. Most importantly, it demands a proper planning stage. The Unexpected Truth About Task 1 Essay Samples Well, before beginning your essay writing, it is crucial to fi nd more information about the structure for argumentative essay, which is among the most important elements of the entire course of action. You should begin to compose your essay. Every essay has to have a specific structure. Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. Bear in mind that the amount of your essay is contingent on the assignment offered to you. Reflective essays are personal parts of the writer they have translated into words. Descriptive college essays are quite popular among professors and students. Essay writing is usually practiced is schools. Hence, if you would like to balance your academic and family pressure side-by-side, you can merely acquire absolutely free essay samples so you may have a simple idea of writing proper essays. In order to involve the reader, writer ought to think about a strategy that's vibrant. On our website, you're discover competent essay writers who will aid you with your assignments whatever they may be. How to Choose Task 1 Essay Samples The arguments you have to discuss ought to be debated in body paragraphs one paragraph of the most important body needs to be intended for one single argument. As Task words are verbs that direct you and tell you just how to start answering a question, understanding the meaning can help you to understand just what you need to do. In addition, a conclusion does not need to include predictions of the issue's future implications, and never speak about a number of the arguments provided. Most conclusions are just a paragraph in length as the conclusion is predicted to be an overview of the whole essay. The Advantages of Task 1 Essay Samples After the essay doesn't possess an important point, it's unable to argue for anything. Every conclusion should be like final writer's words that needs to be memorable and persuasive in a means to make readers accept your standpoint. Keeping that in mind, is about time to sit comfortable at the table and begin writing your upcoming masterpiece. A task management program will guarantee that you're going to be in a position to do your tasks smoothly because it makes it possible to become organized and ready for the range of work you're going to undertake. The pupils will be given a rubric with the requirements of the undertaking and what the intention of the undertaking will be. Much like a work program, task sheets contain information regarding the particular and necessary assignments an entity is tasked to deliver for the completion of a whole procedure. A task sheet is a printable checklist of the essentials of a program that ought to be carried out in a particular time frame based on the requirements of all of the stakeholders of a project or a business procedure. Understanding Task 1 Essay Samples Usually, you're also anticipated to label the diagram and a concise explanation or description could be required. You don't need to obtain a Sample article as it free. By viewing the Sample essay you're able to choose whether you have to purchase a composition for yourself. Other absolutely free extras that are included are an absolutely free outline, absolutely free plagiarism report and absolutely free title page. Write a succinct description of why you've got to compose a task sheet. Just place the code FPE15OFF in the purchase form to have the discount, and request the completely free add-ons which you want. There are task list templates offered for download you may edit or use to satisfy your requirements.

The Psychology Of Fashion Fashion Essay Free Essays

Over the 2nd half of the last century, the organic structure has emerged as an object cardinal to our behaviour and to our thrust for intending. Therefore, manner, being in close contact to our organic structures, has started to have the attending of public, creative persons, and intellectuals. Psychology of manner look It is a common expression, that persons play the functions associated with their individualism and rank in society. We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychology Of Fashion Fashion Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now One ever has the want to hold a occupation in a big company ; such companies are normally image-controlled. Companies want their employees to hold proper visual aspect to look successful. Conservative vesture is still the most recognized successful expression for an person. Not merely that, but companies want persons besides to reflect the position and professional public presentation of the company foremost by the feeling left by the manner their employers frock. Those who are non playing functions associated with their places in society appear as odd and non trusted this shows in being careful of what we do or state in their presence. Using this to a client employee interaction, the client response should so be negative, and the impact of such negative response heightens and reaches higher administrative degrees. Looking for a occupation is hard particularly if the purpose is high, the manner one manages his or her visual aspect may be an of import key in giving a good first feeling. The importance may mount to it may non count what cognition, attack or personality if one gets a incorrect first feeling. The reply to the inquiry why employers encourage the image-control plans now becomes clearly comprehensible. The usual society ‘s expression for adult females is that they appear quiet. Nevertheless, adult females began to take on stronger and more important expression likely since society approved for them to have on pants. This reworked transcript is still developing ; and adult females now are taking on non to have on make-up, titling hair, and have oning what has ever been a work forces ‘s wear characteristic such as neckties. It is true that a necktie gives reflects answerability, dependability, shrewdness, and position, therefore, a scarf may non be adequate neckwear for adult females. These organic structure fond regards are non merely a signifier of stylish vesture, but used besides to demo the singularity of an person. When a occupation demand is divergent communicating with clients as in gross revenues or public dealingss, of import qualities for choice are good wellness and good- looking, every bit good as cognition and acquaintance with the merchandise or house. However, non all directors appreciate these positions ; alternatively, they worry possibly excessively much about the manner mentalities, which can be a penchant for choice. Psychological theories related to Fashion The bases of depth psychology theory as explained by Sigmund Freud are four rules: Organization of personality. Psychosexual stages of development. Natural psychological activity. Psychoanalytical method of psychotherapeutics. Many psychologists applied Freud ‘s psychoanalytic theory to the survey of manner: Theory of switching attractive zones Manner historiographer, James Laver the art historiographer ( 1899-1975 ) theorized the attractive force or seduction rule is what governs adult females manners. For that, the chief thrust behind alterations in adult females manners was the wish to pull the opposite gender. On the other manus, what governs alterations in work forces ‘s manners is the hierarchy ( picking order or ladder ) rule significance that stylish adult male ‘s manner highlights the socioeconomic position more than anything else does. Harmonizing to Laver, female ‘s frock, attracts males by discriminatively covering and concealing certain parts of the female anatomy. Therefore, different manners are based on switching attractive zones. Manner helps to maintain involvement in the organic structure by constructing what can be called attractive capital that is covering up parts for longtime plenty to construct up a sense of delectation when seeing them once more. Sexual symbolism of vesture Alison Lurie the American novelist ( born in 1926 ) applied the psychoanalytic theory in her description of what one ‘s pocketbook communicates. Gender attractive force is non all a pocketbook communicates. Its contents represent the contents of head, or act as a portable individuality hint. At the same clip, nevertheless, the bag suggests magnet information in the eyes of the perceiver. A tightly closed, fastened, and folded bag points to a adult female who protects her privacy ( physical and emotional ) . An open-topped to a great extent loaded bag, points to an unfastened, swearing personality, which may name for attack. A pocketbook that has many compartments, points to a methodical organized head or a adult female who engages in many activities in life. A one-compartment pocketbook, on the other manus, points to the opposite particularly if disorganized and mixed up. The executive adult female who carries a pocketbook and a brief instance together may hold two opposing inc onsistent features. Lurie, in her book, besides discusses the imagination associated with work forces ‘s wear ( umbrellas, chapeaus, ties, and walking sticks ) . Manner is a manner of self-expression. It allows people to reassign feelings and ideas without stating a word, and if I may cite from Thomas Carlyle ( the Scottish philosopher and author 1759-1881 ) ; â€Å"Society is founded on fashion†¦ If the cut of the costume signals intellect and endowment, so the colour suggests temper and heart† . How to cite The Psychology Of Fashion Fashion Essay, Essay examples

Why Terrorism is a Contested Concept

Over the years, the concept of terrorism has remained a relatively controversial one. Different quarters have viewed terrorism from a different point of view. It is this difference in the point of views that have made the definition of the concept not only hard, but also contested.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Terrorism is a Contested Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The views of the entire concept of terrorism are equally contested with one wing viewing terrorism as an act of cowardice while the other arm views terrorism as an act of coercion directed to the government without necessarily engaging in a high profile war. The two standpoints indicate that the people who are labeled as terrorist direct their aggression towards the government or towards high profile entities that are meant to capture the attention of the government. The development of a universally acceptable definition of terrorism c an be an effective way for ensuring that the crime is addressed from a common front by the necessary stakeholders. Nevertheless, there are several definitions that have been brought fourth. First, terrorist are viewed as cowards who attack the most vulnerable persons to advance their political or social cause by getting the attentions of the government. Terrorism has also been defined as acts committed with the sole purpose of provoking a state of terror. On the other hand, terrorists view themselves as crusaders of the rights of the oppressed and they seek to target their attacks to the citizens of their oppressors to coerce them (the oppressors) to end the oppression, whether perceived or real. Despite several high profile cases that have been labeled as terrorist attacks, the international community remains reluctant concerning coming up with a definition that would be universally acceptable to define the term terrorism. As noted by Kegley, (2003) the reason the international com munity is yet to come up with a functional and universally accepted definition of the concept of terrorism is that terrorism represents a highly politically and emotionally charged concept. Due to the lack of a legally binding internationally acceptable definition of what is terrorism, various definitions that have been adopted have remained to be sectorial in nature. Another reason why the definition of the term terrorism remains a hard concept is the changing nature of targets by the terrorists. Crimes that have been qualified as terrorists have kept on changing their nature especially due to the beefing up of security in the areas that had previously been attacked.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of the sectorial definitions that have been adopted cannot define the terrorism acts that may target some aspects such as air traffic control among other facets. The wide nat ure of possible soft targets to be adopted by terrorist groups have continued to be a major hindrance to the quest of coming up with an official definition of the term terrorism. According to Kegley, (2003), terrorism is viewed as an act of cowardice that is perpetrated by a group of radical persons that lack the willpower to address their nemesis head on. As a result, terrorist often attack the most helpless people in order to coerce states to yield to their demands. This view has been rejected by Seib and Janbek, (2010), who fail to see how terrorism can be said to be an act of cowardice. In their view, Seib and Janbek, (2010), assert that most groups that have been labeled as terrorist groups comprise with few radical individuals who have the courage and audacity to take on government policies and coerce various states to yield to certain demands. The fact that this radical groups manage to take on established states through their actions that sometimes require wit as well as sel f-determinism shows that terrorists cannot be labeled cowards. Critically speaking, although terrorists are known to attack the soft spots as well as the most vulnerable entities, a close analysis of their activity can justify Seib and Janbek’s assertions that terrorism in not an act of cowardice. For instance, when one examines a group such as the now defunct Weather Underground Movement that became to be known as an internal group of terrorist, one can see the audacity of the members, hence showing that terrorism is not an act of cowardice after all. This defunct group took on the government of the United States of America for its policies on the war on Vietnam. Although it was a small group compared to the mighty United States defense force, the group had its views aired by bombing the pentagon and other government buildings. Another example that can be used to show the controversies that surrounds the definition of the concept of terrorism as an act of cowardice or bravel y can be examined from the analysis of the September 11 attack that perhaps remains the worst act of terrorism against the interests of the United States. The terrorists responsible in these attacks (al-Qaida formerly under the slain terrorism leader Osama bin Laden) managed to utilize several loopholes in the United States security measures to carry simultaneous attacks on areas of prime importance in the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Terrorism is a Contested Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although it is true that terrorist targets the vulnerable persons in their attacks, one can argue that they are not necessarily cowards as they seek to air their views in a radical manner, which make them to cause much panic to the citizens thus drawing the quick attention of the government. In conclusion, it is evident that there are various factors that surround the concept of terrorism that makes i t hard to come up with a universally acceptable as well as a legally binding definition of terrorism as a crime. From the changing nature of the crime, the political emotions attached to the concept, to the controversy surrounding the bravery or cowardice nature of the acts of terror, it is hard to say what terrorism is exactly. The enumerated difficulties have made it hard to define what terrorism is. References Kegley, C., W. (2003). The new global terrorism: characteristics, causes, controls. New York: Prentice Hall. Seib, P., M. Janbek, D., M. (2010). Global terrorism and new media: the post-Al Qaeda generation. New York: Taylor Francis. This essay on Why Terrorism is a Contested Concept was written and submitted by user Aydin Sutton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Beowulf vs. The Patriot essays

Beowulf vs. The Patriot essays When looking at the comparison of the stories Beowulf and the Patriot, there are some definite differences, but there are also some things very common to both of these heroes. Lets have a look at some of the major differences and common points between the two characters. Beowulf was originally from Geatland, and once he heard the news of Grendel attacking Hrothgars kingdom, he packed his bags and headed for Danish lands. In other words, he fought for a country beside his own. The Patriot is much different, actually the exact opposite. The Patriot is defending his home country, fighting against people coming from the other country (Britian). If the Patriot came to American shores to fight, it would have been to fight against the Americans instead of for them. Another noticeable difference in the styles of the two heroes is how much help each gets when fighting. Beowulf fights every single battle by himself, and never seems to request for help. It seems as if he would rather lose a battle alone that win with the help of a friend. On the other hand, the Patriot is always searching for teammates to aid with the battles. Which brings up another difference, dealing with numbers. Beowulf is consistently matched up against no more than 1 enemy at a time. The Patriot is always outnumbered, no matter what the circumstances are, because his battle is a war. In Beowulfs case, it seems that everyone in the community he is trying to help is very friendly and supportive of his actions to defend the people of the community. On the other hand is the Patriot, who continually tries to prevent his community from entering into the war, mainly because if they did take part in war, his son would also join. Since almost everyone in the community is for going to war, and the Patriot is not, no one in the community really agrees or backs his decision. Moving on to similarities between the two ch ...

Biography of Marco Polo, Merchant and Explorer

Biography of Marco Polo, Merchant and Explorer Marco Polo (c.1254–January 8, 1324) was a Venetian merchant and explorer who followed in the footsteps of his father and uncle. His writings about China and the Mongol Empire in The Travels of Marco Polo had a significant impact on European beliefs about and behavior toward the East and inspired the travels of Christopher Columbus. Fast Facts: Marco Polo Known For: Exploration of the Far East and writing about his travelsBorn: c. 1254 in the city-state of Venice (modern Italy)Parents: Niccolà ² Polo, Nicole Anna DefusehDied: January 8, 1324 in VeniceEducation: UnknownPublished Works: The Travels of Marco PoloSpouse: Donata BadoerChildren: Bellela Polo, Fantina Polo, Moretta PoloNotable Quote: â€Å"I have not told the half of what I saw.† Early Years Marco Polo was born into a prosperous merchant family in 1254 in what was then the Italian city-state of Venice. His father Niccolo and uncle Maffeo had already left Venice for a trading trip before Marco was born, and Marcos mother died before the expedition returned. As a result, young Marco was raised by relatives. Meanwhile, Marcos father and uncle traveled to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), encountering Mongol uprisings and the Byzantine re-conquest of Constantinople along the way. The brothers then headed east to Bukhara (modern-day Uzbekistan), and, from there, were encouraged to meet with the great Mongolian emperor Kublai Khan (the grandson of Genghis Khan) in his court in what is now Beijing. Kublai Khan took a liking to the Italian brothers and learned a great deal from them about European culture and technology. A few years later, Kublai Khan sent the Polo brothers back to Europe on a mission to the Pope, asking that missionaries be sent to convert the Mongols (no mission was ever sent). By the time the Polos returned to Venice the year was 1269; Niccolo discovered that his wife had died in the interim, leaving him a 15-year-old son. The father, uncle, and son got along well; two years later, in 1271, the three left Venice once again and headed east. Travels With His Father Marco, his father, and his uncle sailed across the Mediterranean Sea and then traveled overland, crossing Armenia, Persia, Afghanistan, and the Pamir Mountains. Finally, they set off across the Gobi Desert to China and Kublai Khan. The entire journey took about four years, including a period during which the group stayed in the mountains of Afghanistan while Marco recovered from illness. Despite the hardships, Marco discovered a love for travel and a desire to learn as much as he could about the cultures he encountered. Upon reaching Beijing, the Polos were welcomed to Kublai Khans legendary marble and gold summer palace, Xanadu. All three men were invited to join the emperors court, and all three immersed themselves in Chinese language and culture. Marco was appointed to become a special envoy to the emperor, which entitled him to travel throughout Asia, thus becoming the first European to see Tibet, Burma, and India. His service to the emperor was exemplary; as a result, he received the titles of governor of a Chinese city and earned a seat on the emperors council. Return to Venice After a successful stay of more than 17 years in China, the Polos had become extraordinarily wealthy. They finally left as the escorts to a Mongolian princess named Cogatin, who was to become the bride of a Persian prince. Though they had the use of a fleet of Chinese ships, hundreds of passengers and crew members died during the voyage home. When they reached Persia, the brides Persian prince had died as well, leading to a delay while the right match was found for the young princess. During the multi-year trip, Kublai Khan himself died, which left the Polos vulnerable to local rulers who exacted taxes from the Polos before they were allowed to leave. The Polos returned to Venice as strangers in their own land. When they arrived, Venice was at war with the rival city-state of Genoa. As was the custom, Marco funded his own warship, but he was captured and imprisoned in Genoa. Publication of The Travels of Marco Polo While in prison for two years, Marco Polo dictated an account of his travels to a fellow prisoner (and author) named Rusticello. In 1299, the war ended and Marco Polo was released; he returned to Venice, married Donata Badoer, and had three daughters while reviving his successful business. During this time, The Travels of Marco Polo was published in French. Published before the invention of the printing press, the book was copied by hand by scholars and monks, and each of the surviving 130 or so copies is different. Over time, the book was translated into many different languages and distributed worldwide. At the time of its publication, few readers believed that the book was literally accurate, and many questioned whether it was written by Polo or Rusticello. It seems likely that much of the book is hearsay, as it contains both first-person and third-person passages. Nevertheless, most of the books description of Kublai Kahns court and customs have been authenticated by historians. The Strange Worlds of Marco Polo In addition to accurate, first-hand descriptions of Asian customs, Marco Polos book also provided Europes introduction to paper money, coal, and other important innovations. At the same time, however, it includes stories of people with tails, lands occupied almost entirely by cannibals, and other impossible or unlikely claims. His description of coal is accurate and, in the long run, was very influential: Throughout this province there is found a sort of black stone, which they dig out of the mountains, where it runs in veins. When lighted, it burns like charcoal, and retains the fire much better than wood; inso- much that it may be preserved during the night, and in the morning be found still burning. These stones do not flame, excepting a little when first lighted, but during their ignition give out a considerable heat. On the other hand, his account of the Kingdom of Lambri (theoretically near Java) is pure fiction: Now you must know that in this kingdom of Lambri there are men with tails; these tails are of a palm in length, and have no hair on them. These people live in the mountains and are a kind of wild men. Their tails are about the thickness of a dogs. There are also plenty of unicorns in that country, and abundance of game in birds and beasts. Death Marco Polo spent his final days as a businessman, working from home. He died there at almost 70 years of age, on January 8, 1324, and was buried under the church of San Lorenzo, though his tomb has now vanished. Legacy As Polo neared death in 1324, he was asked to recant what he had written and simply said that he had not even told half of what he had witnessed. Despite the fact that many claim his book to be unreliable, it was a sort of regional geography of Asia for centuries, serving as inspiration for Christopher Columbus- who took an annotated copy along on his first voyage in 1492. Even today, it is considered one of the great works of travel literature. Sources BBC. Marco Polo. BBC History.â€Å"The Travels of Marco Polo/Book 3/Chapter 11.† Codex Hammurabi (King Translation) - Wikisource, the Free Online Library, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.ï » ¿Khan Academy. Marco Polo. Kahnacademy.org.

The Influence of Information Literacy on Scholarship, Practice and Essay

The Influence of Information Literacy on Scholarship, Practice and Leadership - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that biased and false information are some of the components considered in determining the relevance of the information. Information literacy influences a number of fields especially the professional field for different reasons. Some of the uses of information literacy include research, determination of consumer choices, academic reasons. In addition to that, it helps in understanding the political arena. The effect of information literacy is such that over the decades, countries have introduced programs that ensure students are equipped with skills to not only operate in an information-rich society but also acquire and rightly apply that information. Different models have been designed to understand the ever-growing body of literature. A closer look at information literacy shows that it has an influence on scholarship, practice, and leadership. Scholarship refers to lifelong learning. This means that a person is constantly learning to improv e his or her skills in their area of specialty. On the other hand, practice refers to one’s behavioral patterns within their workplace. In other words, the practice not only looks at one’s technical skills but social skills in a work environment. Leadership explores one’s ability to have a positive influence in their academic, professional, and personal lives. Thus, information literacy analyzes one’s ability to recognize the need for information. This is critical for any leader as they are called upon to locate, evaluate, and apply the knowledge they have for the benefit of the society. Leadership greatly determines the success or failure of an institution. Time has proven that poor leadership only leads to an institution’s downfall.

Germany and Germans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Germany and Germans - Essay Example A major contributing factor to his rise was the use of printing press which was introduced in this time period. He published pamphlets like Christian Liberty, On the Freedom of a Christian Man and the Babylonian Captivity of the Church. However, his most famous publication was the â€Å"95 Theses†, published in 1517. The publication was against the abuse of papal authorities and use of indulgences to bail out of jail free. His publications spread quickly through Europe and in 1521 he was summoned to appear in front of an assembly of Holy Roman Empire known as â€Å"Diet of Worms†. He was declared an outlaw and hid till 1522. He continued his teachings and two year long Peasant War was based on his ideas and theories about the Catholic system. It was the first of the revolt that lead to the revolution in Christianity and the rise of Protestantism. Luther continued teaching and served as Dean in the University of Wittenberg till his death in 1546. David Cole interviewed Dr. Franciszek Piper in 1992 to raise questions about the Holocaust story which is the death of Jews by Adolf Hitler during his period as Chancellor of Germany till 1945. David Cole visited one of the biggest camps of the World War II at Auschwitz to find evidence of the gas chambers and alleged homicidal gassings. He filmed his visit of the camp in an hour long video and interviewed tour guides, supervisor and Dr. Franciszek who was the senior curator to confirm his findings that point towards the idea that the Holocaust was a made up story. David Cole presented evidence and logic that conveys the message that the Gas Chambers at Auschwitz were constructed after the war. The main chamber was examined and signs of structural changes were shown along with the tour guide and supervisor presenting different views as to the presence of â€Å"Holes† in the chamber; supposedly these were used for delivery

Economic Situation Malaysians Attitudes Towards Private Label Brands Marketing Essay

Economic Situation Malaysians Attitudes Towards Private Label Brands Marketing Essay The term of Globalisation is a very common word in business world. Many businessmen are trying hard to market their product to other countries. Globalisation becomes an important issue in the world today and eventually it leads to the increasing number of competitors among retailers by doing trade globally. In order to become an outstanding firm from other retailers, established a competitive advantage is an important criterion for any competitive strategy (Walsh and Mitchell, 2010). Retailers use different methods to achieve competitive advantage. The most important elements of retails branding is private label brands (Glynn and Chen, 2009). According to Levy (2009), it is easy to find out that private label brands available in almost every retail product category and it is one of the competitive strategies that retailers used to achieve competitive advantage. Private label brands have reached another level in the appearance of many products categories such as grocery, household che micals, clothing and cosmetics (Veloutsou et al., 2004). Private label brands can be a crucial component of competitive advantage especially in an economic recession (Walsh and Mitchell, 2010). Economic downturn will lead to the changes in shopping patterns. Private label brands are products that are produced by retailers and sold under the retailers own name through their own retail outlets (Baltas, 1997). Private label brands have grown in many countries and product categories in the last few decades (Connor et al., 1996). According to Lupton et al. (2010), private label brands have established their market in the United Stated and Europe in the past few decades. The consumers tend to perceive private label brands as a substitute or choices to the national brands (Lupton et al., 2010). Private label brands have built their own markets and becoming more popular among the consumers in the world (AC Nielsen, 2006). According to Morris (2002), the most successful retailer has more private label branding strategies and the retailer is normally the stronger firm. Retailers with strong private label brands will have better financial results (Morris, 2002). Malaysia, as a middle income country and one of the most developed in the developing countries, has transformed itself from a producer of raw materials into a multi-sector economy (Economy Watch, 2011). According to Economy Watch (2011), the population of Malaysia is 28.713 Million. In the following year, 2012, population of Malaysia will be 29.20 Million, which is more than the figure in year 2011 (Economy Watch, 2011). The increasing of population in Malaysia will encourage the development of retailing and will boost up the purchasing power of goods. Yelkur (2000) found that the success of private label brands is varied from different nations, such as in the United Kingdom, private label brands have successfully gain a large portion of grocery sales, but in the United States the proportion of purchasing private label brands is relatively low if compare to branded products. Developing countries are being exposed to private label brands and are becoming more aware of their benefits ( Collins and Bone, 2008). According to Collins and Bone (2008), the growth of private label brands in developing countries, such as Malaysia, is still remaining low. Private label brands continue to steadily increase their share in the marketplace. According to A.C. Nielsen (2005), the private label share of refrigerated food is 32%, paper plastic is 31%, frozen food is 25%, cosmetics is 23%, pet food is 21%, health care is 14%, non-Alcoholic beverages is 12%, snack is 9%, personal care is 3% and others. There are few hypermarkets in Malaysia selling their private label product, such as Giant, Carrefour, Tesco and Tesco Extra (A.C. Nielsen, 2010). These hypermarkets provide their private label brands in many product categories. For example, Tesco offers Tesco Finest as their private label brands (Morris, 2004). This Tesco Finest private label brands has include the product category of non-Alcoholic beverages. Morris (2004) mentioned that the strong private label brands in Tesco have became the key elements of Tescos success. Tescos private label brands generate 55% of the total sales in year 2004 (Morris, 2004). Apart than that, even though there is an amount of studies on private label brands, there is no specific research based on the Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands. Nowadays, retailers own brand becomes an alternative of consumers. According to Veloutsou et al. (2004), consumers have their own perception on different brand of products, each of the products has its special features or characteristics and it will affect the purchasing behaviour of consumers. Retailers need to understand what are the main factors affecting Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands in order to attract and convince more customers stick to the own brands (Goldsmith et al., 2010). The factors affecting Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands include consumers perceived benefits (Chaniotakis, 2010), price (Walsh and Mitchell, 2010), social influences (Nelson and McLeod, 2005) and economic situation (Chaniotakis, 2010). In a recent study of private label brands (Richardson et al., 1996), some influences such as economic and psychological factors bring the effect to the purchasing rate of private label brands. Malaysian is a country comprises of many races. The three major races in Malaysia are Malay, Chinese, and Indian. Different culture will cause different people have different perception towards private label brands. This research is focusing on the factors affecting Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands. The factors that will be look into are consumers perceived benefits, price, social influences and economic situation. Last but not least, it can lead us to have a better understanding toward the issue of private label brands in Malaysia. The Background of Study There are a few previous studies that focusing on the topic of private label brands in many countries, such as a scale for measuring attitude towards private label products and examination of its psychological and behavioural correlates (Burton et al., 1998), an investigation of the new generic consumer (Herstein and Tifferet, 2007), consumer behaviour towards own label monitoring the Greek experience (Boutsouki et al., 2008) and consumers perception of generic products a Mexican study (Yelkur, 2000). The definition of attitudes towards private label brands is a predisposition to respond in a positive way to private label brands and the consumer will purchase the private label brands in a more favourable way. (Burton et al., 1998) The Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) which focusing on the research of attitude-behaviour consistency can explain the positive attitude of consumers who has good perception towards the brands when they are making their decision on purchase. The rate of adoption of private label brands is not the same in all the nations (Veloutsou et al., 2004). According to A.C. Nielsen (2010), the private label brands are still not famous in all Asian markets, but only Hong Kong having a share above 5%. Private label brands of sales increased in a few countries in year 2009 compared to year 2008, but it still remains less than 5%, except of Hong Kong (A.C. Nielsen, 2010). In a recent study of retail and shopper trends, A.C. Nielsen (2010) mentioned that Malaysia has only a share of 2.3% in private label brands, Singapore has only a share of 2.8% and Thailand has a share of 1.8%. The growing of private label brands in Asian markets has to depend on how much the retailers are willing to invest in the private label brands. Retailers have to focus on the development of products and also the quality of products in order to gain a better position in the current market (A.C. Nielsen, 2010). According to the Private Label Manufacturers Association (2010), it showed that 91% of the respondents will still buying private label brands after the economic downturn and they believe that the private label brands are just good and same quality with the branded products. The promotion and packaging of the private label brands is often similar to the branded products (Putsis and Dhar, 2001). Problem Statement According to Hernon and Metoyer-Duran (1993), problem statement must be precise and it contains the need for the study. The problem statement for this research is the factor that will affect Malaysians attitudes on buying branded products or private label brands. There are some researches being conducted to find out the factors that affect the consumers intention to buy private label brands (Walsh and Mitchell, 2010), the attribute that affect the consumers intentions of buying own-label premium food products (Chaniotakis et al., 2010) and consumer attitudes and loyalty towards private brands ( Goldsmith et al., 2010). The globalization of business creates a lot of opportunities to the retailers and it also brings a lot of competitors to them. In this emerging world, establishing a competitive advantage is the main purpose of every competitive strategy while doing the business globally (Walsh and Mitchell, 2010). Some retailers have low store-operating cost, some have efficient supply chain management and some have a large number of loyal customers (Walsh and Mitchell, 2010). Therefore, hypermarkets tend to make some changes in order to attract new customers or to meet their existing customers needs. To become outstanding among all the other competitors, retailers must have some unique products or services to attract more customers. Furthermore, the technology advancement has altered the media habits from the traditional advertising method, such as billboard, to some new advertising techniques, such as product placement, in order to reach younger generation (Nelson and McLeod, 2005). Those hypermarkets required to catch up with all these changes on media habits in order to attract more customers. Besides, due to the advance technologies, people prefer to go online shopping rather than shopping in the hypermarkets. They can purchase anything online through some website, such as amazon.com. This research not only expects that the price will be the major factor that affect Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands, but also some other factors that will bring effect on the attitudes of consumer in Malaysia towards private label brands. Some of the consumers are willing to pay more for a branded product in order to obtain higher quality than paying a less money for a private label brand (Tse, 2001). So, it is very important for this study to find out what are the major factors that determine the attitudes of Malaysian towards private label brands. Objectives of Study The objectives of the research are: To examine the relationship between consumers perceived benefits and Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands. To identify the relationship between price and Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands. To examine the relationship between social influences and Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands. To identify the relationship between economic situation and Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands. The Scope of Study In every research, there are independent variables and dependent variable. The dependent variable in this research is Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands. The attitude of Malaysian is important as they are contributing the response in this research. The independent variables in this study are consumers perceived benefits, price, social influences and economic situation. The coverage of this research is on Malaysian. This is because there already have a few studies that focusing on other nations but there are no research are doing based on the Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands. Besides, Malaysian seems to be likely increased their purchasing rate of private label brands in hypermarkets in these few years. Grocery sales in private label brands in Malaysia are rising. The respondents who participate in this survey are those who used or bought any private label brands before. Only 150 Malaysian will be selected to contribute their response to this research. The author will develop a questionnaire with the different types and forms of questions, such as closed questions and negatively worded questions. By using the method of questionnaires, the attitude of the respondents will be shown. Hence, after finding out the relationship between the major factors and Malaysians attitude towards private label brands, it will give us a better understanding about the current consumer trend of buying private label brands in Malaysia. It helps the retailers to know which of the factor has the major influence on the peoples intentions of purchasing private label brands. Furthermore, the retailers can help them to find out what factors affecting them from losing their market share, so that they can do some analysis based on the results and make some improvement and changes. Respondents can also benefits from this research too. They can broaden their knowledge toward the topic of private label brands. They can also know better about the current market trends and the main factor that determines their attitude towards private label brands. Then, by knowing the factors that affecting Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands, the government can earn more income due to the increasing sell of private label brands. Besides, the government should implement some policy to help the private label brands in order to protect them from the competition of branded and national products. Lastly, it will make contribution to the Malaysias economy because it will help the local retailers to know which factors affecting their customer on choosing private label brands, therefore, they can make slightly changes and it will lead to the increasing number of sales. By the increasing number of sales, it will definitely lead to a rise in GDP. Definition for the Key Terms Attributes Definition Sources Private Label Brands Products that are produced by retailers and sold under the retailers own name through their own retail outlets Baltas (1997) Perceived benefits The degree to which a fulfilment of expectations when choosing private label brands. Veloutsou, Gioulistanis and Moutinho (2004) Price A monetary value when the consumer wants to exchange it with the goods or services provided by the sellers or producers. Nagle and Holden (2002) Social Influences The degree to which learning the skills, knowledge and attitudes relevant for consumption from media, parents and peers. Nelson and Mcleod (2005) Economic Situation The economic conditions that will lead the retailers to enrich the range of private label offerings. Chaniotakis, Lymperopoulos and Soureli (2010) Organization Structure There are total five chapters in this research. The structure of the study is organized as following. Chapter 1 is about the introduction, the author will start by the background of this study. Besides, the author will briefly explain why this research is important, what factors will affect the Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands, history of private label brands, rules and regulations towards private label brands in Malaysia, problem statements, research objectives and contribution of this study. This part will have an overview of the research. Chapter 2 is literature review that discusses the factors that affect the attitudes of Malaysian towards private label brands. In the beginning, the definition of the theory and interest of study are introduces. Then, the author will explain each of the variables that affecting Malaysians attitudes towards private label brands. The author was reviewed the previous study to make the analysis of each variables. Chapter 3 is research methodology. In this part, it describes how the author collects information and finalizes the data. It will also explain what method will be used to conduct this research. The author defines the research framework, develops hypothesis, develops questionnaires, explain how the author undergo pilot study, chooses convenient sampling as the sampling method, and introduces the target size. Furthermore, data collection method and data analysis will be presented. Conclusion This chapter will give us some briefing about this research. Let us know about why this research is important and why this research is needed to be conducted. One of the reasons is that we can know the consumer purchasing trend in the current market after the completion of this research. Then, this study will make a huge contribution to the retailer who are selling or planning to sell private label brands. They can further know about how the consumers think and their attitudes towards private label brands in Malaysia. We can also know which variable has more powerful to affect the Malaysians intention to buy private label brands. This will have an impact on the economy of Malaysia too. Last but not least, we can also have better understanding towards the key terms that affect the Malaysians attitudes on private label brands. Besides, it will give us a clear picture for the structure of this research.

Angels Demons Chapter 49-50

49 Langdon and Vittoria stood alone now outside the double doors that led to the inner sanctum of the Secret Archives. The decor in the colonnade was an incongruous mix of wall-to-wall carpets over marble floors and wireless security cameras gazing down from beside carved cherubs in the ceiling. Langdon dubbed it Sterile Renaissance. Beside the arched ingress hung a small bronze plaque. ARCHIVIO VATICANO Curatore: Padre Jaqui Tomaso Father Jaqui Tomaso. Langdon recognized the curator's name from the rejection letters at home in his desk. Dear Mr. Langdon, It is with regret that I am writing to deny†¦ Regret. Bullshit. Since Jaqui Tomaso's reign had begun, Langdon had never met a single non-Catholic American scholar who had been given access to the Secret Vatican Archives. Il gaurdiano, historians called him. Jaqui Tomaso was the toughest librarian on earth. As Langdon pushed the doors open and stepped through the vaulted portal into the inner sanctum, he half expected to see Father Jaqui in full military fatigues and helmet standing guard with a bazooka. The space, however, was deserted. Silence. Soft lighting. Archivio Vaticano. One of his life dreams. As Langdon's eyes took in the sacred chamber, his first reaction was one of embarrassment. He realized what a callow romantic he was. The images he had held for so many years of this room could not have been more inaccurate. He had imagined dusty bookshelves piled high with tattered volumes, priests cataloging by the light of candles and stained-glass windows, monks poring over scrolls†¦ Not even close. At first glance the room appeared to be a darkened airline hangar in which someone had built a dozen free-standing racquetball courts. Langdon knew of course what the glass-walled enclosures were. He was not surprised to see them; humidity and heat eroded ancient vellums and parchments, and proper preservation required hermitic vaults like these – airtight cubicles that kept out humidity and natural acids in the air. Langdon had been inside hermetic vaults many times, but it was always an unsettling experience†¦ something about entering an airtight container where the oxygen was regulated by a reference librarian. The vaults were dark, ghostly even, faintly outlined by tiny dome lights at the end of each stack. In the blackness of each cell, Langdon sensed the phantom giants, row upon row of towering stacks, laden with history. This was one hell of a collection. Vittoria also seemed dazzled. She stood beside him staring mutely at the giant transparent cubes. Time was short, and Langdon wasted none of it scanning the dimly lit room for a book catalog – a bound encyclopedia that cataloged the library's collection. All he saw was the glow of a handful of computer terminals dotting the room. â€Å"Looks like they've got a Biblion. Their index is computerized.† Vittoria looked hopeful. â€Å"That should speed things up.† Langdon wished he shared her enthusiasm, but he sensed this was bad news. He walked to a terminal and began typing. His fears were instantly confirmed. â€Å"The old-fashioned method would have been better.† â€Å"Why?† He stepped back from the monitor. â€Å"Because real books don't have password protection. I don't suppose physicists are natural born hackers?† Vittoria shook her head. â€Å"I can open oysters, that's about it.† Langdon took a deep breath and turned to face the eerie collection of diaphanous vaults. He walked to the nearest one and squinted into the dim interior. Inside the glass were amorphous shapes Langdon recognized as the usual bookshelves, parchment bins, and examination tables. He looked up at the indicator tabs glowing at the end of each stack. As in all libraries, the tabs indicated the contents of that row. He read the headings as he moved down the transparent barrier. Pietro Il Erimito†¦ Le Crociate†¦ Urbano II†¦ Levant†¦ â€Å"They're labeled,† he said, still walking. â€Å"But it's not alpha-author.† He wasn't surprised. Ancient archives were almost never cataloged alphabetically because so many of the authors were unknown. Titles didn't work either because many historical documents were untitled letters or parchment fragments. Most cataloging was done chronologically. Disconcertingly, however, this arrangement did not appear to be chronological. Langdon felt precious time already slipping away. â€Å"Looks like the Vatican has its own system.† â€Å"What a surprise.† He examined the labels again. The documents spanned centuries, but all the keywords, he realized, were interrelated. â€Å"I think it's a thematic classification.† â€Å"Thematic?† Vittoria said, sounding like a disapproving scientist. â€Å"Sounds inefficient.† Actually†¦ Langdon thought, considering it more closely. This may be the shrewdest cataloging I've ever seen. He had always urged his students to understand the overall tones and motifs of an artistic period rather than getting lost in the minutia of dates and specific works. The Vatican Archives, it seemed, were cataloged on a similar philosophy. Broad strokes†¦ â€Å"Everything in this vault,† Langdon said, feeling more confident now, â€Å"centuries of material, has to do with the Crusades. That's this vault's theme.† It was all here, he realized. Historical accounts, letters, artwork, socio-political data, modern analyses. All in one place†¦ encouraging a deeper understanding of a topic. Brilliant. Vittoria frowned. â€Å"But data can relate to multiple themes simultaneously.† â€Å"Which is why they cross-reference with proxy markers.† Langdon pointed through the glass to the colorful plastic tabs inserted among the documents. â€Å"Those indicate secondary documents located elsewhere with their primary themes.† â€Å"Sure,† she said, apparently letting it go. She put her hands on her hips and surveyed the enormous space. Then she looked at Langdon. â€Å"So, Professor, what's the name of this Galileo thing we're looking for?† Langdon couldn't help but smile. He still couldn't fathom that he was standing in this room. It's in here, he thought. Somewhere in the dark, it's waiting. â€Å"Follow me,† Langdon said. He started briskly down the first aisle, examining the indicator tabs of each vault. â€Å"Remember how I told you about the Path of Illumination? How the Illuminati recruited new members using an elaborate test?† â€Å"The treasure hunt,† Vittoria said, following closely. â€Å"The challenge the Illuminati had was that after they placed the markers, they needed some way to tell the scientific community the path existed.† â€Å"Logical,† Vittoria said. â€Å"Otherwise nobody would know to look for it.† â€Å"Yes, and even if they knew the path existed, scientists would have no way of knowing where the path began. Rome is huge.† â€Å"Okay.† Langdon proceeded down the next aisle, scanning the tabs as he talked. â€Å"About fifteen years ago, some historians at the Sorbonne and I uncovered a series of Illuminati letters filled with references to the segno.† â€Å"The sign. The announcement about the path and where it began.† â€Å"Yes. And since then, plenty of Illuminati academics, myself included, have uncovered other references to the segno. It is accepted theory now that the clue exists and that Galileo mass distributed it to the scientific community without the Vatican ever knowing.† â€Å"How?† â€Å"We're not sure, but most likely printed publications. He published many books and newsletters over the years.† â€Å"That the Vatican no doubt saw. Sounds dangerous.† â€Å"True. Nonetheless the segno was distributed.† â€Å"But nobody has ever actually found it?† â€Å"No. Oddly though, wherever allusions to the segno appear – Masonic diaries, ancient scientific journals, Illuminati letters – it is often referred to by a number.† â€Å"666?† Langdon smiled. â€Å"Actually it's 503.† â€Å"Meaning?† â€Å"None of us could ever figure it out. I became fascinated with 503, trying everything to find meaning in the number – numerology, map references, latitudes.† Langdon reached the end of the aisle, turned the corner, and hurried to scan the next row of tabs as he spoke. â€Å"For many years the only clue seemed to be that 503 began with the number five†¦ one of the sacred Illuminati digits.† He paused. â€Å"Something tells me you recently figured it out, and that's why we're here.† â€Å"Correct,† Langdon said, allowing himself a rare moment of pride in his work. â€Å"Are you familiar with a book by Galileo called Dialogo?† â€Å"Of course. Famous among scientists as the ultimate scientific sellout.† Sellout wasn't quite the word Langdon would have used, but he knew what Vittoria meant. In the early 1630s, Galileo had wanted to publish a book endorsing the Copernican heliocentric model of the solar system, but the Vatican would not permit the book's release unless Galileo included equally persuasive evidence for the church's geo centric model – a model Galileo knew to be dead wrong. Galileo had no choice but to acquiesce to the church's demands and publish a book giving equal time to both the accurate and inaccurate models. â€Å"As you probably know,† Langdon said, â€Å"despite Galileo's compromise, Dialogo was still seen as heretical, and the Vatican placed him under house arrest.† â€Å"No good deed goes unpunished.† Langdon smiled. â€Å"So true. And yet Galileo was persistent. While under house arrest, he secretly wrote a lesser-known manuscript that scholars often confuse with Dialogo. That book is called Discorsi.† Vittoria nodded. â€Å"I've heard of it. Discourses on the Tides.† Langdon stopped short, amazed she had heard of the obscure publication about planetary motion and its effect on the tides. â€Å"Hey,† she said, â€Å"you're talking to an Italian marine physicist whose father worshiped Galileo.† Langdon laughed. Discorsi however was not what they were looking for. Langdon explained that Discorsi had not been Galileo's only work while under house arrest. Historians believed he had also written an obscure booklet called Diagramma. â€Å"Diagramma della Verita,† Langdon said. â€Å"Diagram of Truth.† â€Å"Never heard of it.† â€Å"I'm not surprised. Diagramma was Galileo's most secretive work – supposedly some sort of treatise on scientific facts he held to be true but was not allowed to share. Like some of Galileo's previous manuscripts, Diagramma was smuggled out of Rome by a friend and quietly published in Holland. The booklet became wildly popular in the European scientific underground. Then the Vatican caught wind of it and went on a book-burning campaign.† Vittoria now looked intrigued. â€Å"And you think Diagramma contained the clue? The segno. The information about the Path of Illumination.† â€Å"Diagramma is how Galileo got the word out. That I'm sure of.† Langdon entered the third row of vaults and continued surveying the indicator tabs. â€Å"Archivists have been looking for a copy of Diagramma for years. But between the Vatican burnings and the booklet's low permanence rating, the booklet has disappeared off the face of the earth.† â€Å"Permanence rating?† â€Å"Durability. Archivists rate documents one through ten for their structural integrity. Diagramma was printed on sedge papyrus. It's like tissue paper. Life span of no more than a century.† â€Å"Why not something stronger?† â€Å"Galileo's behest. To protect his followers. This way any scientists caught with a copy could simply drop it in water and the booklet would dissolve. It was great for destruction of evidence, but terrible for archivists. It is believed that only one copy of Diagramma survived beyond the eighteenth century.† â€Å"One?† Vittoria looked momentarily starstruck as she glanced around the room. â€Å"And it's here?† â€Å"Confiscated from the Netherlands by the Vatican shortly after Galileo's death. I've been petitioning to see it for years now. Ever since I realized what was in it.† As if reading Langdon's mind, Vittoria moved across the aisle and began scanning the adjacent bay of vaults, doubling their pace. â€Å"Thanks,† he said. â€Å"Look for reference tabs that have anything to do with Galileo, science, scientists. You'll know it when you see it.† â€Å"Okay, but you still haven't told me how you figured out Diagramma contained the clue. It had something to do with the number you kept seeing in Illuminati letters? 503?† Langdon smiled. â€Å"Yes. It took some time, but I finally figured out that 503 is a simple code. It clearly points to Diagramma.† For an instant Langdon relived his moment of unexpected revelation: August 16. Two years ago. He was standing lakeside at the wedding of the son of a colleague. Bagpipes droned on the water as the wedding party made their unique entrance†¦ across the lake on a barge. The craft was festooned with flowers and wreaths. It carried a Roman numeral painted proudly on the hull – DCII. Puzzled by the marking Langdon asked the father of the bride, â€Å"What's with 602?† â€Å"602?† Langdon pointed to the barge. â€Å"DCII is the Roman numeral for 602.† The man laughed. â€Å"That's not a Roman numeral. That's the name of the barge.† â€Å"The DCII?† The man nodded. â€Å"The Dick and Connie II.† Langdon felt sheepish. Dick and Connie were the wedding couple. The barge obviously had been named in their honor. â€Å"What happened to the DCI?† The man groaned. â€Å"It sank yesterday during the rehearsal luncheon.† Langdon laughed. â€Å"Sorry to hear that.† He looked back out at the barge. The DCII, he thought. Like a miniature QEII. A second later, it had hit him. Now Langdon turned to Vittoria. â€Å"503,† he said, â€Å"as I mentioned, is a code. It's an Illuminati trick for concealing what was actually intended as a Roman numeral. The number 503 in Roman numerals is – â€Å" â€Å"DIII.† Langdon glanced up. â€Å"That was fast. Please don't tell me you're an Illuminata.† She laughed. â€Å"I use Roman numerals to codify pelagic strata.† Of course, Langdon thought. Don't we all. Vittoria looked over. â€Å"So what is the meaning of DIII?† â€Å"DI and DII and DIII are very old abbreviations. They were used by ancient scientists to distinguish between the three Galilean documents most commonly confused. Vittoria drew a quick breath. â€Å"Dialogo†¦ Discorsi†¦ Diagramma.† â€Å"D-one. D-two. D-three. All scientific. All controversial. 503 is DIII. Diagramma. The third of his books.† Vittoria looked troubled. â€Å"But one thing still doesn't make sense. If this segno, this clue, this advertisement about the Path of Illumination was really in Galileo's Diagramma, why didn't the Vatican see it when they repossessed all the copies?† â€Å"They may have seen it and not noticed. Remember the Illuminati markers? Hiding things in plain view? Dissimulation? The segno apparently was hidden the same way – in plain view. Invisible to those who were not looking for it. And also invisible to those who didn't understand it.† â€Å"Meaning?† â€Å"Meaning Galileo hid it well. According to historic record, the segno was revealed in a mode the Illuminati called lingua pura.† â€Å"The pure language?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Mathematics?† â€Å"That's my guess. Seems pretty obvious. Galileo was a scientist after all, and he was writing for scientists. Math would be a logical language in which to lay out the clue. The booklet is called Diagramma, so mathematical diagrams may also be part of the code.† Vittoria sounded only slightly more hopeful. â€Å"I suppose Galileo could have created some sort of mathematical code that went unnoticed by the clergy.† â€Å"You don't sound sold,† Langdon said, moving down the row. â€Å"I'm not. Mainly because you aren't. If you were so sure about DIII, why didn't you publish? Then someone who did have access to the Vatican Archives could have come in here and checked out Diagramma a long time ago.† â€Å"I didn't want to publish,† Langdon said. â€Å"I had worked hard to find the information and – † He stopped himself, embarrassed. â€Å"You wanted the glory.† Langdon felt himself flush. â€Å"In a manner of speaking. It's just that – â€Å" â€Å"Don't look so embarrassed. You're talking to a scientist. Publish or perish. At CERN we call it ‘Substantiate or suffocate.' â€Å" â€Å"It wasn't only wanting to be the first. I was also concerned that if the wrong people found out about the information in Diagramma, it might disappear.† â€Å"The wrong people being the Vatican?† â€Å"Not that they are wrong, per se, but the church has always downplayed the Illuminati threat. In the early 1900s the Vatican went so far as to say the Illuminati were a figment of overactive imaginations. The clergy felt, and perhaps rightly so, that the last thing Christians needed to know was that there was a very powerful anti-Christian movement infiltrating their banks, politics, and universities.† Present tense, Robert, he reminded himself. There IS a powerful anti-Christian force infiltrating their banks, politics, and universities. â€Å"So you think the Vatican would have buried any evidence corroborating the Illuminati threat?† â€Å"Quite possibly. Any threat, real or imagined, weakens faith in the church's power.† â€Å"One more question.† Vittoria stopped short and looked at him like he was an alien. â€Å"Are you serious?† Langdon stopped. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"I mean is this really your plan to save the day?† Langdon wasn't sure whether he saw amused pity or sheer terror in her eyes. â€Å"You mean finding Diagramma?† â€Å"No, I mean finding Diagramma, locating a four-hundred-year-old segno, deciphering some mathematical code, and following an ancient trail of art that only the most brilliant scientists in history have ever been able to follow†¦ all in the next four hours.† Langdon shrugged. â€Å"I'm open to other suggestions.† 50 Robert Langdon stood outside Archive Vault 9 and read the labels on the stacks. Brahe†¦ Clavius†¦ Copernicus†¦ Kepler†¦ Newton†¦ As he read the names again, he felt a sudden uneasiness. Here are the scientists†¦ but where is Galileo? He turned to Vittoria, who was checking the contents of a nearby vault. â€Å"I found the right theme, but Galileo's missing.† â€Å"No he isn't,† she said, frowning as she motioned to the next vault. â€Å"He's over here. But I hope you brought your reading glasses, because this entire vault is his.† Langdon ran over. Vittoria was right. Every indictor tab in Vault 10 carried the same keyword. Il Proceso Galileano Langdon let out a low whistle, now realizing why Galileo had his own vault. â€Å"The Galileo Affair,† he marveled, peering through the glass at the dark outlines of the stacks. â€Å"The longest and most expensive legal proceeding in Vatican history. Fourteen years and six hundred million lire. It's all here.† â€Å"Have a few legal documents.† â€Å"I guess lawyers haven't evolved much over the centuries.† â€Å"Neither have sharks.† Langdon strode to a large yellow button on the side of the vault. He pressed it, and a bank of overhead lights hummed on inside. The lights were deep red, turning the cube into a glowing crimson cell†¦ a maze of towering shelves. â€Å"My God,† Vittoria said, looking spooked. â€Å"Are we tanning or working?† â€Å"Parchment and vellum fades, so vault lighting is always done with dark lights.† â€Å"You could go mad in here.† Or worse, Langdon thought, moving toward the vault's sole entrance. â€Å"A quick word of warning. Oxygen is an oxidant, so hermetic vaults contain very little of it. It's a partial vacuum inside. Your breathing will feel strained.† â€Å"Hey, if old cardinals can survive it.† True, Langdon thought. May we be as lucky. The vault entrance was a single electronic revolving door. Langdon noted the common arrangement of four access buttons on the door's inner shaft, one accessible from each compartment. When a button was pressed, the motorized door would kick into gear and make the conventional half rotation before grinding to a halt – a standard procedure to preserve the integrity of the inner atmosphere. â€Å"After I'm in,† Langdon said, â€Å"just press the button and follow me through. There's only eight percent humidity inside, so be prepared to feel some dry mouth.† Langdon stepped into the rotating compartment and pressed the button. The door buzzed loudly and began to rotate. As he followed its motion, Langdon prepared his body for the physical shock that always accompanied the first few seconds in a hermetic vault. Entering a sealed archive was like going from sea level to 20,000 feet in an instant. Nausea and light-headedness were not uncommon. Double vision, double over, he reminded himself, quoting the archivist's mantra. Langdon felt his ears pop. There was a hiss of air, and the door spun to a stop. He was in. Langdon's first realization was that the air inside was thinner than he had anticipated. The Vatican, it seemed, took their archives a bit more seriously than most. Langdon fought the gag reflex and relaxed his chest while his pulmonary capillaries dilated. The tightness passed quickly. Enter the Dolphin, he mused, gratified his fifty laps a day were good for something. Breathing more normally now, he looked around the vault. Despite the transparent outer walls, he felt a familiar anxiety. I'm in a box, he thought. A blood red box. The door buzzed behind him, and Langdon turned to watch Vittoria enter. When she arrived inside, her eyes immediately began watering, and she started breathing heavily. â€Å"Give it a minute,† Langdon said. â€Å"If you get light-headed, bend over.† â€Å"I†¦ feel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Vittoria choked, â€Å"like I'm†¦ scuba diving†¦ with the wrong†¦ mixture.† Langdon waited for her to acclimatize. He knew she would be fine. Vittoria Vetra was obviously in terrific shape, nothing like the doddering ancient Radcliffe alumnae Langdon had once squired through Widener Library's hermetic vault. The tour had ended with Langdon giving mouth-to-mouth to an old woman who'd almost aspirated her false teeth. â€Å"Feeling better?† he asked. Vittoria nodded. â€Å"I rode your damn space plane, so I thought I owed you.† This brought a smile. â€Å"Touche.† Langdon reached into the box beside the door and extracted some white cotton gloves. â€Å"Formal affair?† Vittoria asked. â€Å"Finger acid. We can't handle the documents without them. You'll need a pair.† Vittoria donned some gloves. â€Å"How long do we have?† Langdon checked his Mickey Mouse watch. â€Å"It's just past seven.† â€Å"We have to find this thing within the hour.† â€Å"Actually,† Langdon said, â€Å"we don't have that kind of time.† He pointed overhead to a filtered duct. â€Å"Normally the curator would turn on a reoxygenation system when someone is inside the vault. Not today. Twenty minutes, we'll both be sucking wind.† Vittoria blanched noticeably in the reddish glow. Langdon smiled and smoothed his gloves. â€Å"Substantiate or suffocate, Ms. Vetra. Mickey's ticking.†

Coach Carter s Conflict Resolution Methods - 931 Words

Coach Carter’s Conflict Resolution Methods Introduction Bargaining to resolve conflict is a never ending story throughout the history of mankind. There are certain people who are truly inspirational due to their ability to stand firm on their morals. The movie Coach Carter (2005), exemplifies one such person, who is able to take a stand against the established culture of losing. The movie is focused on inner-city basketball, but it showcases several conflict resolution methods employed by a dedicated coach who wants to change the culture of accepting counterproductive behavior. There are several bargaining lessons that can be learned from this movie, which include good faith bargaining, negotiating with people who do not share the†¦show more content†¦Kolb and Williams (2003), state that crafting agreements involves advocacy and connection. This suggests that bargainers need to not only advocate their need, but to also build a relationship with the other side. 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